Iyo Yekupedzisira Inotungamira kune Fiber Optic Cables: Basics, Tekiniki, Maitiro & Mazano

Fiber optic tambo dzinopa zvivakwa zvemuviri zvinogonesa kukurumidza-kumhanyisa data kutapurirana kwenharembozha, networking, uye yekubatanidza pane ese maapplication. Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yefiber kwakawedzera bandwidth uye chinhambwe kugona uku ichideredza saizi uye mutengo, zvichibvumira kuita kwakafaranuka kubva kurefu-haul telecom kuenda kunzvimbo dzedata uye smart network network.

 

Ichi chakadzama sosi inotsanangura fiber optic tambo kubva mukati kunze. Tichaongorora kuti optical fiber inoshanda sei kuendesa masiginecha edata tichishandisa mwenje, makiyi ekutsanangurwa kwe singlemode uye multimode fibers, uye akakurumbira tambo mhando zvichienderana nefiber count, dhayamita, uye chinangwa chekushandiswa. Iine bandwidth kudiwa kuri kukura zvakanyanya, kusarudza iyo yakakodzera fiber optic tambo zvichienderana netiweki zvinodiwa zvechinhambwe, dhata dhata, uye kusimba ndicho kiyi kune ramangwana-chiratidzo chekubatanidza.

 

Kuti tinzwisise tambo dzefiber optic, tinofanira kutanga netambo dze<em>optical faibha—mitsetse mitete yegirazi kana yepurasitiki inotungamirira zviratidzo zvechiedza kuburikidza nemuitiro wokunyatsoona mukati. Iyo musimboti, kupfekedzwa, uye kupfekedza kunosanganisira imwe neimwe fiber strand inotarisisa modal bandwidth uye kushandisa. Multiple faibha tambo dzakasungirirwa muchubhu yakasununguka, yakasimba-yakavharwa, kana tambo dzekugovera dzekufambisa fiber links pakati pemagumo. Zvikamu zvekubatanidza senge zvinobatanidza, mapaneru, uye Hardware zvinopa maficha kune zvishandiso uye nzira dzekugadzirisa zvakare fiber network sezvinodiwa.  

 

Kuisa kwakaringana uye kugumiswa kwefiber optic cabling kunoda kunyatso uye hunyanzvi kudzikisa kurasikirwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa kwemasaini. Tichavhara maitiro akajairwa ekumisa e singlemode uye multimode fiber tichishandisa akakurumbira ekubatanidza mhando seLC, SC, ST, uye MPO. Nekuziva kweakanakisa maitiro, varapi vatsva vanogona kugadzira uye kutumira mafiber network kuitira kushanda kwepamusoro uye scalability.

 

Kupedzisa, isu tinokurukura kufunga kwekuronga fiber optic network uye nzira dzinogona kushanduka kutsigira ramangwana bandwidth zvinodiwa. Nhungamiro kubva kunyanzvi dzeindasitiri inopa humwe nzwisiso mune zvazvino uye zviri kubuda maitiro zvichipesvedzera kukura kwefiber munharembozha, data centre uye smart city infrastructure.    

Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo (FAQ)

Q1: Chii chinonzi fiber optic cable?

 

A1: Fiber optic cables inoumbwa neimwe kana akawanda optical fibers, ayo matete tambo egirazi kana epurasitiki anogona kutumira data uchishandisa masaini emwenje. Tambo idzi dzinoshandiswa pakukurumidzira uye kure-kure kutaurirana, zvichipa kukurumidza kufambisa data kuenzaniswa netambo dzemhangura dzechinyakare.

 

Q2: Faibha optic tambo dzinoshanda sei?

 

A2: Fiber optic cables dzinofambisa data dzichishandisa mapulses echiedza kuburikidza netambo dzakatetepa dzegirazi rakajeka kana fiber yepurasitiki. Aya mafiibha anotakura masaini emwenje madaro marefu nekurasikirwa kwechiratidzo kushoma, achipa kukurumidza-kumhanya uye kwakavimbika kutaurirana.

 

Q3: Ko fiber optic tambo dzakaiswa sei?

 

A3: Fiber optic cables dzinogona kuiswa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, sekudhonza kana kusunda tambo nemumakonditi kana madhaivhi, kuiswa mumhepo uchishandisa mapango kana shongwe, kana kuvigwa pasi. Iyo yekuisa nzira inoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo, chinhambwe, uye zvakanangana zvinodiwa zvepurojekiti. Fiber optic tambo yekuisa inoda hunyanzvi hunyanzvi uye zvishandiso, asi hazvina hazvo kuoma. Kudzidziswa kwakaringana uye ruzivo rwemaitiro ekuisa, senge fiber splicing kana chinongedzo kumisa, zvakakosha. Zvinokurudzirwa kubata nyanzvi dzine ruzivo kana matekiniki ane certification yekumisikidza kuti ive nechokwadi chekubata kwakaringana uye kuita kwakaringana.

 

Q4: Ndeipi hupenyu hwetambo dzefiber optic?

 

A4: Fiber optic tambo dzine hupenyu hurefu, kazhinji kubva pamakumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu emakore kana kutopfuura. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekusimba kwavo uye kuramba kuderedzwa nekufamba kwenguva.

 

Q5: Kusvika papi tambo dzefiber optic kuendesa data?

 

A5: Kutapurirana kureba kwetambo dzefiber optic kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana, serudzi rwefiber, chiyero chedata, uye netiweki michina inoshandiswa. Single-mode fibers inogona kufambisa data pamusoro pemadaro marefu, kazhinji kubva pamakiromita mashoma kusvika kumazana emakiromita, nepo multimode faibha dzakakodzera madaro mapfupi, kazhinji mukati memazana mashoma emamita.

 

Q6: Ko fiber optic tambo dzinogona kupatsanurwa kana kubatana?

 

A6: Hongu, tambo dzefiber optic dzinogona kubatanidzwa kana kubatana. Fusion splicing uye mechanical splicing inowanzoshandiswa nzira dzekubatanidza mbiri kana kupfuura fiber optic cables pamwechete. Splicing inobvumira kuwedzera network, kubatanidza tambo, kana kugadzirisa zvikamu zvakakuvadzwa.

 

Q7: Ko fiber optic tambo dzinogona kushandiswa kune zvese izwi uye data kutapurirana?

 

A7: Ehe, tambo dzefiber optic dzinogona kutakura zvese izwi uye data masaini panguva imwe chete. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa kune yakakwirira-kumhanya internet yekubatanidza, vhidhiyo kutenderera, telecommunication network, uye izwi-pamusoro-IP (VoIP) application.

 

Q8: Ndezvipi zvakanakira fiber optic tambo pamusoro petambo dzemhangura?

 

A8: Fiber optic tambo dzinopa akati wandei mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare tambo dzemhangura, kusanganisira:

 

• Yakakura bandwidth: Fiber optics inogona kufambisa data rakawanda pamusoro pemadaro marefu kana ichienzaniswa netambo dzemhangura.
• Kusadzivirirwa kune electromagnetic kukanganiswa: Fiber optic tambo hadzina kukanganiswa nemagetsi emagetsi minda, kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa data kwakavimbika.
• Kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzerwa: Fiber optics inonetsa kupinza, zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka yekufambisa ruzivo rwakadzama.
• Yakareruka uye yakatetepa: Fiber optic tambo dzakareruka uye dzakatetepa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuisa uye kubata.

 

Q9: Matambo ese efiber optic akafanana?

 

A9: Kwete, tambo dzefiber optic dzinouya mumhando dzakasiyana uye zvigadziriso kuti zvisangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushandisa. Mhando mbiri huru ndeye-single-mode uye multimode tambo. Matambo e-single-mode ane diki core uye anogona kufambisa data pamusoro pemadaro marefu, nepo multimode tambo dzine hombe core uye dzinotsigira mapfupi madaro. Pamusoro pezvo, kune akasiyana magadzirirwo etambo kuti asangane nezvinodiwa, senge loose-tube, tight-buffered, kana ribhoni tambo.

 

Q10: Ko fiber optic tambo dzakachengeteka kubata?

 

A10: Fiber optic cables kazhinji dzakachengeteka kubata. Kusiyana netambo dzemhangura, tambo dzefiber optic hadzitakuri magetsi, zvichibvisa njodzi yekuvhunduka kwemagetsi. Zvisinei, kuchenjerera kunofanira kushandiswa kudzivirira kukuvara kwemaziso kubva kune laser light sources inoshandiswa pakuedza kana kugadzirisa. Zvinokurudzirwa kupfeka zvakakodzera zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo (PPE) uye kutevedzera mirairo yekuchengetedza paunenge uchishanda netambo dzefiber optic.

 

Q11: Zvivakwa zvekare zvetiweki zvingakwidziridzwa kuita fiber optic tambo here?

 

A11: Ehe, iripo network network inogona kukwidziridzwa kuita fiber optic tambo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kutsiva kana kudzoreredza copper-based masisitimu nefiber optic michina. Shanduko kune fiber optics inopa yakawedzera mashandiro uye ramangwana-proofing kugona, kuve nechokwadi kugona kusangana nekukura bandwidth zvinodiwa zvemazuva ano ekutaurirana masisitimu.

 

Q12: Ko fiber optic tambo dzinodzivirirwa kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu?

 

A12: Fiber optic tambo dzakagadzirwa kuti dzirambe dzichienda kune dzakasiyana siyana zvakatipoteredza. Vanogona kumira kushanduka kwekushisa, unyoro, uye kunyange kutarisana nemakemikari. Nekudaro, yakanyanyisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza senge kupeta zvakanyanya kana kupwanya anogona kukanganisa kushanda kwetambo.

Fiber Optic Networking Glossary

• Kuchengetedzwa -Kudzikira kwesimba rechiratidzo pamwe nehurefu hwefiber optical. Yakayerwa muma decibel pakiromita (dB/km). 
• Bandwidth - Huwandu hwehuwandu hwe data hunogona kufambiswa pamusoro petiweki munguva yakatarwa yenguva. Bandwidth inopimwa nema megabits kana gigabits pasekondi.
• Kufukidza - Iyo yekunze layer yakatenderedza musimboti we optical fiber. Iine yakaderera refractive index pane core, zvichikonzera kuzara kwemukati kuratidza kwechiedza mukati mepakati.
• Connector -Muchina wekumisa mudziyo unoshandiswa kubatanidza tambo dzefiber optic kune zvigamba mapaneru, zvishandiso kana mamwe tambo. Mienzaniso ndeye LC, SC, ST uye FC zvibatanidza. 
• moyo -Pakati peiyo optical fiber kuburikidza iyo mwenje inopararira kuburikidza yakazara yemukati kuratidza. Yakagadzirwa negirazi kana epurasitiki uye ine yakakwira refractive index pane cladding.
• dB (decibel) - Chiyero chechiyero chinomiririra chiyero chelogarithmic chemazinga maviri echiratidzo. Inoshandiswa kuratidza kurasikirwa kwesimba (attenuation) mune fiber optic links. 
• Ethernet -Tekinoroji yetiweki yemataneti emunharaunda (LANs) inoshandisa fiber optic cabling uye inomhanya pamusoro peakamonyoroka maviri kana coaxial tambo. Miyero inosanganisira 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX uye 10GBASE-SR. 
• Jumper - Ipfupi chigamba tambo inoshandiswa kubatanidza fiber optic zvikamu kana kugadzira muchinjiko-makonesheni mumakabati masisitimu. Iyo inonziwo chigamba tambo. 
• Kurasikirwa -Kudzikiswa kwesimba rechiratidzo chemagetsi panguva yekufambisa kuburikidza nefiber optic link. Yakayerwa mumadecibel (dB) ane akawanda fiber network zviyero zvinotsanangura huwandu hunoshivirira kurasikirwa.
• Modal Bandwidth -Iyo yakanyanya frequency iyo akawanda modes emwenje anogona kunyatso kuparadzira mune yakawanda-modhi fiber. Yakayerwa mu megahertz (MHz) pakiromita. 
• Numerical Aperture - Chiyero chechiedza chekugamuchira kona ye optical fiber. MaFiber ane akakwira NA anogona kugamuchira mwenje uchipinda pamakona akafara, asi kazhinji ane attenuation yepamusoro. 
• Refractive Index - Chiyero chekuti chiedza chinokurumidza kupararira sei kuburikidza nechinhu. Iyo yakakwirira iyo refractive index, iyo inononoka mwenje inofamba kuburikidza nezvinhu. Musiyano mune refractive index pakati pepakati uye cladding inobvumira kuzara kwemukati kuratidza.
• Imwe-modhi Fibhi -Optical fiber ine diki dhayamita yepakati inobvumira chete modhi imwe chete yechiedza kupararira. Inoshandiswa kune yakakwira bandwidth kureba kwekufambisa nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwayo kwakaderera. Yakajairika core size ye8-10 microns. 
• Splice - Kubatana kwechigarire pakati pemafibhi ega ega ega kana maviri fiber optic tambo. Inoda splice muchina kuti unyatso kujoinha magirazi macores ekuenderera mberi ekufambisa nzira nekurasikirwa kushoma.

 

Verenga Uyewo: Fiber Optic Cable Terminology 101: Yakazara Rondedzero & Tsanangura

Chii chinonzi Fiber Optic Cables? 

Fiber optic cables are refu, tambo dzakatetepa dzeultra-pure glass that fambisa ruzivo rwedhijitari pamakiromita marefu. Iwo akagadzirwa negirazi resilica uye ane mafiibhi anotakura chiedza akarongwa ari masumbu kana masumbu.Idzi shinda dzinofambisa zviratidzo zvechiedza kuburikidza negirazi kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. Chiedza chiri mukati mefiibha chinofamba nemufaibha nekugara chichiratidza kubva pamuganho uri pakati pepakati nepakati.

 

Kune marudzi maviri makuru efiber optic cables: single-mode uye multi-mode. Single-modhi fibers iva nepakati nhete inobvumira kuti imwe nzira yechiedza ifambiswe, uku multi-mode fibers kuva nehupamhi hwepakati inobvumira nzira dzakawanda dzechiedza kuti dzifambiswe panguva imwe chete. Single-modhi faibha dzinowanzo shandiswa pakufambisa daro refu, nepo mafiibhi akawanda-modhi ari nani kune mapfupi madaro. Iwo macores emhando mbiri dzefiber akagadzirwa ne-ultra-pure silica girazi, asi single-mode fiber inoda kushivirira kwakasimba kugadzira.

 

Heino chikamu:

 

Singlemode faibha optic tambo mhando

 

• OS1/OS2: Yakagadzirirwa yakakwirira bandwidth network pamusoro pemadaro marefu. Yakajairika core size ye8.3 microns. Inoshandiswa kune telecom/sevhisi mupi, bhizinesi remusana zvinongedzo uye data center interconnects.
• Loose tube gel-yakazadzwa: Multiple 250um fibers ari muruvara-coded loose machubhu mubhachi rekunze. Inoshandiswa kuisirwa kunze kwechirimwa.
• Tight-buffered: 250um fibers ine chinyorwa chekudzivirira pasi pebhachi. Inoshandiswawo kune chirimwa chekunze mumitsara yemhepo, conduits, uye ducts.

 

Multimode fiber optic cable mhando: 

 

• OM1/OM2: Kwemadaro mapfupi, dzikisa bandwidth. Core saizi ye62.5 microns. Zvikuru kune legacy network.
• OM3: Ye10Gb Ethernet kusvika ku300m. Core saizi ye50 microns. Inoshandiswa mu data centers uye kuvaka musana.  
• OM4: Yakakwira bandwidth kupfuura OM3 ye100G Ethernet uye 400G Ethernet kusvika ku150m. Uyewo 50 micron core. 
• OM5: Iyo yazvino chiyero chepamusoro bandwidth (kusvika ku100G Ethernet) pamusoro pemafaro mapfupi (angangoita 100m). Zvekubuda maapplication akaita se50G PON mu5G isina waya uye smart city network. 
• Matambo ekugovera: Iine 6 kana 12 250um fibers yekubatanidza pakati penhare dzemakamuri / pasi muchivakwa.  

 

Matambo eComposite ane ese ari maviri singlemode uye multimode fiber anowanzo shandiswa kune zvivakwa zvemusana zvinongedzo uko zvese modalities dzinofanirwa kutsigirwa.      

 

Verenga Uyewo: Face-Off: Multimode Fiber Optic Cable vs Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable

 

Fiber optic cables kazhinji dzine faibha dzakawanda dzakasungwa pamwechete kuti dzisimbe uye dzidzivirire. Mukati metambo, faibha imwe neimwe yakaputirwa mune yayo yekudzivirira yepurasitiki yekuputira uye inowedzera kuchengetedzwa kubva kunze kwekukuvadzwa uye chiedza nekuwedzera kudzivirirwa uye kuvharirwa pakati pemafibhi uye kunze kwetambo yese. Dzimwe tambo dzinosanganisira kuvharira mvura kana kusapinda mvura kudzivirira kukuvara kwemvura. Kuisa kwakaringana kunodawo kunyatso splicing uye kumisa mafibhi kuti uderedze kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo nekufamba kwenguva.

 

Zvichienzaniswa netambo dzesimbi dzemhangura, fiber optic tambo dzinopa zvakati wandei zvakanakira kutumira ruzivo. Ivo vane yakakwira bandwidth, ichivabvumira kutakura data rakawanda. Idzo dzakareruka muhuremu, dzakasimba, uye dzinokwanisa kutumira masaini pamadaro akareba. Ivo vanodzivirirwa nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi uye havafambisi magetsi. Izvi zvakare zvinoita kuti vachengeteke zvakanyanya sezvo vasingabudise chero sparks uye havagone kubatwa kana kutariswa zviri nyore setambo dzemhangura. Pakazere, tambo dzefiber optic dzakagonesa kuwedzera kukuru kwekumhanya kweinternet uye kuvimbika.

Mhando Dzakajairika dzeFiber Optic Cables

Fiber optic tambo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kufambisa data uye masaini enhare nekumhanya kwakanyanya pamusoro pemadaro marefu. Kune akati wandei emhando dzefiber optic tambo, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa maapplication chaiwo. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura mhando nhatu dzinozivikanwa: aerial fiber optic cable, underground fiber optic cable, uye undersea fiber optic cable.

1. Aerial Fiber Optic Cable

Aerial fiber optic cables dzakagadzirirwa kuiswa pamusoro pevhu, kazhinji pamapango ekushandisa kana shongwe. Iwo anodzivirirwa neakasimba ekunze sheath inodzivirira yakapfava faibha tambo kubva kune zvakatipoteredza mamiriro ekunze, UV radiation, uye kukanganiswa kwemhuka dzesango. Tambo dzemuchadenga dzinowanzo shandiswa kumaruwa kana kuti kutaurirana kure kure pakati pemaguta. Iwo anodhura uye ari nyore kuisa, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira kumakambani enharembozha mune mamwe matunhu.

 

Verenga Uyewo: Iyo Yakakwana Nhungamiro yePamusoro Ground Fiber Optic Cable

2. Underground Fiber Optic Cable

Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, pasi pevhu fiber optic tambo dziri akavigwa pasi pevhu kupa nzira yakachengeteka uye yakachengetedzwa yekufambisa. Tambo idzi dzakagadzirwa kuti dzikwanise kumira nemamiriro ekunze akaomarara, sekunyorova, kushanduka kwetembiricha, uye kushushikana kwemuviri. Tambo dzepasi pevhu dzinowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemumaguta, uko nzvimbo ine nzvimbo shoma, uye dziviriro pakukuvadzwa netsaona kana kuparadza kwakakosha. Dzinowanzoiswa kuburikidza nepasi pevhu kana kuvigwa zvakananga mumigero.

3. Undersea Fiber Optic Cable

Undersea fiber optic tambo dzakagadzirirwa chaizvo kuiswa mhiri pasi pegungwa kubatanidza makondinendi uye kugonesa kutaurirana kwepasirese. Tambo idzi dzakagadzirwa kuti dzikwanise kushingirira kudzvanyirira kwakanyanya uye nekuomarara kwenzvimbo yepasi pemvura. Iwo anowanzo kuchengetedzwa neakawanda akaturikidzana esimbi kana polyethylene nhumbi dzokurwa, pamwe chete neasina mvura. Tambo dzepasi pegungwa dzinoshandiswa kutapurirana dhata nedzimwe nyika uye dzinoita basa rakakosha kufambisa kubatana kweinternet. Dzinogona kutenderera zviuru zvemakiromita uye dzakakosha pakukurukurirana kwepasirese, kutsigira hukuru-hukuru hwekufambisa data uye kubatana kwepasirese.

4. Yakananga Yakavigwa Fiber Optic Cable

Direct akavigwa faibha optic tambo dzakagadzirirwa kuvigwa zvakananga muvhu pasina kushandisa conduit kana anovhara anovhara. Inowanzoshandiswa mumashandisirwo apo mamiriro epasi akakodzera uye njodzi yekukuvara kana kupindira yakaderera. Tambo idzi dzakavakwa nemamwe matinji edziviriro, senge majaketi anorema-basa uye nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo, kuti dzimire njodzi dzinogona kuitika senge mwando, makonzo, uye mechanical stress.

5. Ribhoni Fiber Optic Cable

Ribhoni faibha optic tambo dzine akawanda optical fiber akarongwa mu flat ribhoni-sezvimiro. Iwo mafiber anowanzo akaturikidzana pamusoro peumwe neumwe, achibvumira yakakwira fiber kuverenga mukati metambo imwe chete. Tambo dzeRibhoni dzinowanzo shandiswa mumashandisirwo anoda kuwanda kwepamusoro uye kusimba, senge nzvimbo dzedata kana kuchinjisa nhare. Ivo vanogonesa kubata nyore, kupatsanura, uye kumisa, zvichiita kuti ive yakanakira kumisikidzwa uko nhamba yakakura yemafibhi inodiwa.

6. Yakasununguka Tube Fiber Optic Cable

Loose chubhu faibha optic tambo dzinosanganisira imwe kana akawanda optical fibers akavharirwa mumachubhu anodzivirira. Aya mabuffer machubhu anoshanda seyega ega ekudzivirira mafibers, achipa kupokana nekunyorova, kushushikana kwemakanika, uye zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Loose chubhu tambo dzinonyanya kushandiswa kunze kana hutsinye nharaunda, senge kureba-kure telecommunication network kana nzvimbo dzinowanzo chinja tembiricha. Iyo yakasununguka chubhu dhizaini inobvumira kuve nyore fiber kuzivikanwa, kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye kukwidziridzwa kweramangwana.

7. Armored Fiber Optic Cable

Armored fiber optic tambo dzinosimbiswa nemamwe matinji ezvombo, senge marata kana matepi ealuminium kana mabraids. Iyi yakawedzerwa layer inopa dziviriro yakawedzerwa kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemuviri munzvimbo dzinonetsa uko tambo dzinogona kuoneswa nemasimba ekunze, kusanganisira anorema muchina, makonzo, kana hutsinye hwemaindasitiri. Tambo dzeArmored dzinowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri, mashandiro emigodhi, kana nharaunda dzine njodzi huru yekukuvadzwa netsaona.

 

Aya ekuwedzera mhando dzefiber optic tambo dzinopa akasarudzika maficha uye dziviriro kuti isangane neakasiyana ekuisa zvinodiwa uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Sarudzo yemhando yetambo inoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita semamiriro ekushandiswa, kuchengetedzwa kunodiwa, nzira yekuisa, uye njodzi dzinofungidzirwa. Ingave yekuvigwa kwakananga maapplication, kuisirwa kwepamusoro-density, network yekunze, kana nharaunda dzinoda, kusarudza yakakodzera fiber optic tambo inovimbisa yakavimbika uye inoshanda kutapurirana data.

8. Nyowani Fiber Optic Cable Types

Fiber optic tekinoroji inoramba ichishanduka, iine magadzirirwo matsva efiber uye zvinhu zvinogonesa mamwe maapplication. Mamwe emhando dzekupedzisira fiber optic cable dzinosanganisira:

 

• Bend-optimized fibers - Fibers ine graded-index core profile inodzivirira kurasikirwa kwechiedza kana core / cladding interface kukuvara kana yakakombama makona akasimba kana akamoneredzwa. Bend-optimized fibers inogona kumira kubhenda radii kusvika 7.5mm kune imwe-modhi uye 5mm yemultimode pasina kuderera kwakanyanya. Aya mafiber anobvumira kutumirwa kwefiber munzvimbo dzisina kukodzera kune yakakura bend radii uye kumisa muhupamhi-density yekubatanidza. 
• Plastic optical fibers (POF) -Optical fibers akagadzirwa kubva epurasitiki musimboti uye kuvharika kwete girazi. POF inoshanduka-shanduka, iri nyore kumisa, uye mutengo wakaderera pane girazi optical fiber. Nekudaro, POF ine yakakwira attenuation uye yakaderera bandwidth, ichimisa kune zvinongedzo pasi pe100 metres. POF inobatsira kune zvemagetsi zvevatengi, mota network, uye maindasitiri ekudzora uko kuita kwepamusoro kusingakoshese. 
• Multicore fibers -Dhizaini nyowani dhizaini ine 6, 12 kana kunyange gumi nemapfumbamwe akasiyana-modhi kana multimode cores mukati meyakajairwa cladding uye bhachi. Multicore fibers inogona kufambisa akawanda discrete masiginecha ane imwechete fiber strand uye imwe chete kugumiswa kana splice poindi yeakakwira density cabling. Nekudaro, ma multicore fiber anoda zvakanyanya kuomarara zvekubatanidza senge multicore cleavers uye MPO zvinongedzo. Maximum attenuation uye bandwidth inogonawo kusiyana kubva kune yechinyakare imwechete uye mbiri mbiri core fiber. Multicore fibers inoona application mune telecom uye data center network. 
• Hollow core fibers -Iyo inobuda fiber mhando ine gomo chiteshi pamusimboti yakakomberedzwa ne microstructured cladding inovhara mwenje mukati megomba core. Hollow core fibers ine yakaderera latency uye yakaderedza nonlinear mhedzisiro inokanganisa masaini, asi inonetsa kugadzira uye ichiri kufambira mberi tekinoroji. Mune ramangwana, hollow core fibers inogona kugonesa kukurumidza network nekuda kwekumhanya kwakawedzera uko chiedza chinogona kufamba nemhepo kupesana negirazi rakasimba. 

 

Zvichiri zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, mhando nyowani dzefiber dzinowedzera maapplication uko fiber optic cabling inoshanda uye inodhura-inoshanda, ichibvumira network kuti imhanye nekumhanya kwakanyanya, munzvimbo dzakasimba, uye nepamusoro madaro mapfupi. Sezvo mafiber matsva achiwedzera kuwanda, vanopa sarudzo dzekugadzirisa zvikamu zvakasiyana zvetiweki zvivakwa zvichienderana nekuita zvinodiwa uye kuisirwa zvinodiwa. Kushandisa inotevera-chizvarwa faibha inochengeta network tekinoroji padanho rekucheka.     

Fiber Optic Cable Madiro uye Sarudzo

Fiber optic cables dzinouya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana kuti dzienderane nemaapplication akasiyana uye netiweki zvinodiwa. Iwo musimboti wekutemerwa wekutarisa pakusarudza fiber optic tambo inosanganisira:

 

• Kurera Kukura - Iyo dhayamita yepakati inotaridza kuti yakawanda sei data inogona kufambiswa. Single-mode fibers ine diki core (8-10 microns) inobvumira nzira imwe chete yechiedza kupararira, ichigonesa yakakwirira bandwidth uye kureba kureba. Multi-mode fibers ine core yakakura (50-62.5 microns) inobvumira nzira dzakawanda dzechiedza kuti dziparadzire, zvakanakisisa kune madaro mapfupi uye pasi bandwidth.  
• Kufukidza - Iyo yekupfekedza inotenderedza musimboti uye ine yakaderera refractive index, ichiteya mwenje mupakati kuburikidza neyakakwana yemukati kuratidza. Cladding dhayamita inowanzoita 125 microns zvisinei nehukuru hwepakati.
• Buffer Material -A buffer zvinhu zvinodzivirira fiber tambo kubva mukukuvara uye hunyoro. Sarudzo dzakajairika dzinosanganisira Teflon, PVC, uye polyethylene. Tambo dzekunze dzinoda zvisingaite mvura, zvinodzivirira mamiriro ekunze. 
• Jacket -Jekete rekunze rinopa humwe kuchengetedzwa kwemuviri uye kwezvakatipoteredza kune tambo. Mabhachi etambo anogadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvakaita sePVC, HDPE uye simbi ine zvombo. Mabhachi ekunze anofanirwa kumira tembiricha yakakura, kuratidzwa kweUV, uye abrasion. 
• Indoor vs. Kunze -Kuwedzera kune akasiyana majaketi uye mabuffer, emukati uye ekunze fiber optic tambo dzine mavakirwo akasiyana. Tambo dzepanze dzinopatsanura mafiibhi ega ega kuita chubhu isina kusimba kana machubhu akasimba mukati mechinhu chepakati, zvichibvumira mwando kubuda. Tambo dzemuribhoni dzemukati dzinoita ribhoni uye dzinoturika mafiibhi ekuwedzera kusimba. Tambo dzekunze dzinoda kugadzikwa kwakaringana uye kuwedzera kufunga kwekuisirwa kweUV dziviriro, kusiyanisa tembiricha, uye kurodha mhepo.

 

To sarudza tambo yefiber optic, funga nezvekushandisa, inodiwa bandwidth, uye yekuisa nharaunda. Single-mode cables akanakira kureba-kure, yakakwirira-bandwidth kutaurirana senge network backbones. Multi-mode tambo dzinoshanda zvakanaka kune mapfupi madaro uye yakaderera bandwidth zvinodiwa mukati mezvivakwa. Tambo dzemukati hadzidi majaketi epamusoro kana kudzivirira mvura, nepo tambo dzekunze dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvakasimba kudzivirira kubva kumamiriro ekunze uye kukuvara.  

 

Tambo:

 

mhando	faibha	Buffer	Jacket	Rating	kunyoresa
Imwe-modhi OS2	9/125μm	Loose chubhu	PVC	Indoor	Premises musana
Multimode OM3/OM4	50/125μm	Tight buffer	OFNR	Outdoor	Data centre/campus
Mauto	Single/multi-mode	Yakasununguka chubhu / yakasimba buffer	PE/polyurethane/simbi waya	Kuvigwa kunze/kwakananga	Zvakaoma nzvimbo
ADSS	Single-rudzi	Isingaiti	Kuzvitsigira	zvemuchadenga	FTTA/mapango/utility
OPGW	Single-rudzi	Loose chubhu	Kuzvitsigira/simbi dzesimbi	Aerial static	Kumusoro tambo dzemagetsi
Donhedza tambo	Single/multi-mode	900μm / 3mm zvikamu	PVC/plenum	Indoor / panze	Kubatana kwekupedzisira kwevatengi

  

Kubatana: 

 

mhando	faibha	Kuramba	poricha	Kuguma	kunyoresa
LC	Single/multi-mode	PC/APC	Kubata muviri (PC) kana 8° angle (APC)	Single fiber kana duplex	Yakanyanya kujairika imwe / mbiri mbiri fiber yekubatanidza, yakakwirira-density application
MPO / MTP	Multi-modhi (12/24 fiber)	PC/APC	Kubata muviri (PC) kana 8° angle (APC)	Multi-fiber array	40/100G yekubatanidza, trunking, data data
SC	Single/multi-mode	PC/APC	Kubata muviri (PC) kana 8° angle (APC)	Simplex kana duplex	Legacy application, mamwe ma network anotakura
ST	Single/multi-mode	PC/APC	Kubata muviri (PC) kana 8° angle (APC)	Simplex kana duplex	Legacy application, mamwe ma network anotakura
MU	Single-rudzi	PC/APC	Kubata muviri (PC) kana 8° angle (APC)	Simplex	Husha nharaunda, fiber kune antenna
splice enclosures/matireyi	N / A	NA	NA	Fusion kana mechanical	Shanduko, kudzoreredza kana yepakati-span kuwana

 

Ndokumbira utarise kune iri gwara paunenge uchisarudza zvigadzirwa zvefiber optic kuti uone mhando yakakodzera yekushandisa kwako uye netiweki nharaunda. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve chero chigadzirwa, ndapota taura nevagadziri zvakananga kana kuti ndizivise kuti ndingapa sei mamwe mazano kana rubatsiro rwekusarudza.

  

Fiber optic tambo dzinopa yakaenzana seti yezvivakwa kuti ienderane netiweki zvinodiwa mune chero nharaunda kana mhando yakakodzera yasarudzwa zvichibva pane zvakakosha zvakatemwa zvakatenderedza application, saizi yepakati, jekete reti, uye nzvimbo yekuisa. Kufunga nezve hunhu uhwu kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanyanya, kuchengetedza, uye kukosha.

Indasitiri Maitiro eFiber Optic Cable

Iyo fiber optic tambo indasitiri inoomerera kune akasiyana zviyero kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana, kuvimbika, uye kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana uye masisitimu. Ichi chikamu chinoongorora mamwe akakosha indasitiri zviyero zvinotonga fiber optic tambo uye kukosha kwayo mukuona isina musono network yekukurukurirana.

 

• TIA/EIA-568: Iyo TIA/EIA-568 yakajairwa, yakagadziridzwa neTelecommunications Industry Association (TIA) uye Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), inopa nhungamiro yekugadzira uye kuisirwa yakarongwa macabling masisitimu, anosanganisira fiber optic tambo. Inovhara zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, senge mhando dzetambo, zvinongedzo, kutapurirana kuita, uye kuyedza zvinodiwa. Kutevedzera chiyero ichi kunovimbisa kuenderana uye kwakavimbika kuita pane akasiyana dhizaini kumisikidzwa.
• ISO/IEC 11801: Iyo ISO/IEC 11801 yakajairika inoisa zvinodikanwa zvegeneric cabling masisitimu, kusanganisira fiber optic tambo, munzvimbo dzekutengesa. Iyo inovhara zvinhu zvakaita sekutapurirana kuita, tambo zvikamu, zvinobatanidza, uye maitiro ekuisa. Kutevedzera chiyero ichi kunovimbisa kudyidzana uye kuita kuenderana kune akasiyana macabling masisitimu.
• ANSI/TIA-598: Iyo ANSI/TIA-598 yakajairwa inopa nhungamiro yekukodha kweruvara rwefiber optic tambo, ichitsanangura marongero emavara emhando dzakasiyana dzemafiber, mabhafa machira, uye bhutsu yekubatanidza mavara. Iyi chiyero inovimbisa kufanana uye inogonesa kuzivikanwa uye kuenzanisa tambo dzefiber optic panguva yekuisa, kugadzirisa, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.
• ITU-T G.651: Iyo ITU-T G.651 chiyero inotsanangura maitiro uye kutapurirana parameters kune multimode optical fibers. Iyo inovhara zvinhu zvakaita sepakati saizi, refractive index profile, uye modal bandwidth. Kutevedzera chiyero ichi kunovimbisa kuita kunoenderana uye kuenderana kwemultimode fiber optic tambo mumasisitimu akasiyana uye maapplication.
• ITU-T G.652: Iyo ITU-T G.652 chiyero inotsanangura maitiro uye kutapurirana paramita kune imwe-modhi optical fibers. Inovhara zvinhu zvakaita senge attenuation, dispersion, uye cutoff wavelength. Kutevedzera chiyero ichi kunovimbisa kuenderana uye kwakavimbika kuita kwe-single-modhi fiber optic tambo dzemashandisirwo ekutaurirana kureba.

 

Kuomerera kune aya maindasitiri zviyero kwakakosha mukuchengetedza kuenderana, kuvimbika, uye kuita mufiber optic tambo yekumisikidza. Kuteerera kunovimbisa kuti tambo, zvinobatanidza, uye zvinhu zvetiweki kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri vanogona kushanda pamwe chete, kurerutsa dhizaini dhizaini, kuisirwa, uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Inofambisawo kudyidzana uye inopa mutauro wakafanana wekukurukurirana pakati pevashandi veindasitiri.

 

Nepo aya angori mashoma eiyo indasitiri zviyero zvefiber optic tambo, kukosha kwavo hakugone kuwedzeredzwa. Nekutevera zviyero izvi, vagadziri venetiweki, vanoisa, uye vanoshanda vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekutendeseka uye mhando yefiber optic zvivakwa, vachisimudzira anoshanda uye akavimbika ekutaurirana network.

 

Verenga Uyewo: Demystifying Fiber Optic Cable Standards: A Comprehensive Guide

Fiber Optic Cable Kuvaka uye Chiedza Transmission

Fiber optic cables dzakagadzirwa nezvikamu zviviri zvakadzika zve silica yakasanganiswa, girazi repamusoro-soro rine kujeka kwepamusoro. Iyo yemukati musimboti ine yakakwira refractive index pane yekunze cladding, inobvumira mwenje kuti utungamire pamwe chete nefiber kuburikidza nekuzara kwemukati kuratidza.  

 

Iyo fiber optic cable assembly ine zvikamu zvinotevera:

 

Izvo zvikamu uye dhizaini yefiber optic tambo inotarisisa kukodzera kwayo kune akasiyana maapplication uye nharaunda yekuisa. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuvaka tambo zvinosanganisira:

 

• Ukuru - Iyo yemukati girazi filament inotakura zviratidzo zvemaziso. Saizi dzakajairika 9/125μm, 50/125μm, uye 62.5/125μm. 9/125μm single-mode fiber ine nhete yepakati yedaro refu, yakakwira bandwidth inomhanya. 50/125μm uye 62.5/125μm multi-mode faibha dzine macore cores mapfupi ekubatanidza kana yakakwirira bandwidth isingadiwi. 
• Buffer tubes -Machira epurasitiki anotenderedza fiber tambo dzekudzivirira. Mafibhi anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana buffer machubhu ekurongeka uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Buffer tubes zvakare inochengeta mwando kure nefibers. Yakasununguka chubhu uye yakasimba buffer chubhu magadzirirwo anoshandiswa. 
• Simba nhengo -Aramid warns, fiberglass rods kana simbi waya dzinosanganisirwa mutambo wetambo kuti ipe simba rekusimba uye kudzivirira kushushikana pamafiber panguva yekuisa kana nharaunda shanduko. Nhengo dzesimba dzinoderedza kureba uye kubvumira kudhonza kwepamusoro kana kuisa tambo.
• Vanyori - Yakawedzera padding kana kupfekedza, kazhinji yakagadzirwa nefiberglass, yakawedzerwa kune tambo yepakati kuti ipe cushioning uye kuita tambo kutenderera. Mafirita anongotora nzvimbo uye hapana kuwedzera simba kana dziviriro. Inongosanganisirwa sezvinodiwa kuti uwane yakakwana tambo dhayamita. 
• Bhachi rekunze -Chikamu chepurasitiki chinovhara tambo yepakati, mafirita, uye nhengo dzesimba. Iyo bhachi inodzivirira kubva kune hunyoro, abrasion, makemikari, uye kumwe kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvakajairika bhachi zvinhu HDPE, MDPE, PVC, uye LSZH. Yekunze yakayerwa tambo inoshandisa gobvu, UV-resistant jaketi senge polyethylene kana polyurethane. 
• chombo -Kuwedzera simbi yekuvharisa, kazhinji simbi kana aluminium, inowedzerwa pamusoro pebhachi bhachi kuitira kuchengetedzwa kwemechani uye rodent. Armored fiber optic tambo inoshandiswa kana yaiswa mumamiriro akashata pasi pekukuvara kunogona kuitika. Iyo nhumbi yekuzvidzivirira inowedzera huremu uye inoderedza kuchinjika saka inongokurudzirwa kana zvichidikanwa. 
• Ripcord - Tambo yenylon pasi pejaketi rekunze rinobvumira kubviswa nyore kwejasi panguva yekugumisa uye yekubatanidza. Kungodhonza ripcord kunotsemura bhachi pasina kukuvadza fiber pasi. Ripcord haina kubatanidzwa mune ese fiber optic tambo mhando. 

 

Iyo chaiyo musanganiswa weizvi zvivakwa zvekuvaka inoburitsa fiber optic tambo yakagadziridzwa kune yainoda kushanda nharaunda uye kuita zvinodiwa. Vanobatanidza vanogona kusarudza kubva mumhando dzakasiyana dzetambo dzemhando ipi neipi fiber optic network. 

 

Dzidza zvimwe: Fiber Optic Cable Zvikamu: Yakazara Rondedzero & Tsanangura

 

Kana mwenje uchipfuudzwa mukati mefiber optic core, inotaridza kubva kune cladding interface pamakona akakura pane yakakosha kona, ichifamba ichifamba nefiber. Iyi fungidziro yemukati pamwe nehurefu hwefiber inobvumira kurasikirwa kwechiedza kusingakoshi pamusoro pemadaro marefu.

 

Iyo refractive index musiyano pakati pepakati uye cladding, inoyerwa nenhamba yeaperture (NA), inosarudza kuti chiedza chakawanda sei chinogona kupinda mufiber uye kuti makona mangani acharatidza mukati. Iyo yepamusoro NA inobvumira kugamuchirwa kwechiedza chepamusoro uye makona ekutarisisa, yakanakira nhambwe pfupi, nepo yakaderera NA ine yakaderera mwenje kugamuchirwa asi inogona kufambisa nekuderera kudiki pane madaro marefu.

 

Kuvaka uye kutapurirana zvivakwa zvefiber optic tambo zvinobvumira iyo isingaenzaniswi kumhanya, bandwidth, uye kusvika kwefiber optic network. Isina zvinhu zvemagetsi, fiber optics inopa yakanakira yakavhurika-yekupinda chikuva yekutaurirana kwedhijitari uye inogonesa hunyanzvi hwemangwana. Kunzwisisa kuti chiedza chinogona kuvandudzwa sei pakufamba mamaira mukati megirazi faibha yakaonda sebvudzi remunhu ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakuvhura kugona kwefiber optic system.

Nhoroondo yeFiber Optic Cables

Kugadzirwa kwetambo dzefiber optic kwakatanga muma1960 nekugadzirwa kwelaser. Vesainzi vakaziva kuti mwenje welaser waigona kufambiswa nenzendo refu kuburikidza netambo dzakatetepa dzegirazi. Muna 1966, Charles Kao naGeorge Hockham vakaronga kuti magirazi egirazi anogona kushandiswa kufambisa chiedza pamakiromita marefu nekurasikirwa kwakaderera. Basa ravo rakaisa hwaro hwechizvino-zvino fiber optic tekinoroji.

 

Muna 1970, vatsvakurudzi veCorning Glass Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, naPeter Schultz vakagadzira yekutanga optical fiber ine kurasikirwa kwakaderera zvakakwana kune zvikumbiro zvekutaurirana. Kugadzirwa kwefiber iyi kwakagonesa tsvakiridzo mukushandisa fiber optics yekufonera. Mumakore gumi akatevera, makambani akatanga kugadzira zvekutengesa fiber optic telecommunication masisitimu. 

 

Muna 1977, General Telephone uye Electronics yakatumira yekutanga nhare traffic kuburikidza nefiber optic tambo muLong Beach, California. Muyedzo uyu wakaratidza kushanda kwefiber optic telecommunications. Muma1980 ese, makambani ari kushanda kuendesa kure-kure fiber optic network akabatanidza maguta makuru muUS neEurope. Pakupera kwema1980 nekutanga kwema1990, makambani enharembozha akatanga kutsiva tambo dzenhare dzemhangura dzechinyakare netambo dzefiber optic.

 

Vanyori vakakosha uye mapiyona mufiber optic tekinoroji vanosanganisira Narinder Singh Kapany, Jun-ichi Nishizawa, naRobert Maurer. Kapany anozivikanwa sa "Baba veFiber Optics" yebasa rake muma1950 nema1960 achigadzira nekushandisa tekinoroji yefiber optic. Nishizawa akagadzira yekutanga optical communication system muna 1953. Maurer akatungamira timu yeCorning Glass iyo yakagadzira yekutanga yakaderera-kurasikirwa optical fiber inogonesa yemazuva ano fiber optic communications.  

 

Kuvandudzwa kwetambo dzefiber optic kwakashandura kufambiswa kwemashoko pasi rose uye kwagonesa internet-inomhanya uye network yeruzivo rwepasi rose yatinayo nhasi. Fiber optic tekinoroji yakabatanidza nyika nekubvumira huwandu hukuru hwedata kuti hufambiswe pasirese pasirese mumasekonzi.

 

Mukupedzisa, kuburikidza nemakore ekushanda nemasayendisiti nevatsvakurudzi, tambo dzefiber optic dzakagadzirwa uye dzakagadziridzwa kuti dzifambise zviratidzo zvechiedza pamakiromita marefu. Kugadzira kwavo uye kushambadzira kwakashandura nyika nekugonesa nzira nyowani dzekutaurirana pasi rose uye kuwana ruzivo.

Iwo Mabheji Ekuvaka eFiber Kubatana  

Pakati payo, fiber optic network inoumbwa nezvikamu zvishoma zvakakosha izvo zvinobatana kugadzira zvivakwa zvekufambisa uye kugamuchira data kuburikidza nemwenje masaini. Izvo zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:   

 

• Fiber optic cables seUnitube Chiedza-Armored Cable (GYXS/GYXTW) kana Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable (JET) ine tambo dzakatetepa dzegirazi kana plastiki fiber zvinhu uye inopa nzira iyo masaini anofamba. Mhando dzetambo dzinosanganisira singlemode, multimode, hybrid fiber optic tambo uye tambo dzekugovera. Sarudzo zvinhu ndeye fiber modhi / kuverenga, kuvaka, yekuisa nzira, uye network interfaces. Optical fibers zvitete, zvinochinjika tambo dzegirazi kana dzepurasitiki dzinoshanda sepakati pekutumira masaini emwenje padaro refu. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kweiyo data inotumirwa.
• Chiedza chechiedza: Chitubu chemwenje, kazhinji laser kana LED (Chiedza Emitting Diode), inoshandiswa kugadzira masaini emwenje anofambiswa kuburikidza neoptical fibers. Chiedza chechiedza chinoda kukwanisa kuburitsa chiedza chakagadzikana uye chisingachinjiki kuti ive nechokwadi chekufambisa data.
• Zvikamu zvekubatanidza: izvi zvikamu zvinobatanidza tambo kumidziyo, zvichibvumira patching. Zvibatanidza zvakaita seLC, SC uye MPO vaviri fiber tambo kune midziyo ports uye tambo. Adapter seFiber optic adapter / coupler flange / inokurumidza optic yekubatanidza inojoinha zvibatanidza mumapatch panel. Tambo dzechigamba dzakafanogumiswa nezvibatanidza zvinogadzira zvinongedzo zvenguva pfupi. Kubatana kunotamisa masaini masaini pakati petambo tambo, midziyo, uye chigamba tambo pamwe nekubatanidza. Match yekubatanidza mhando kune yekuisa zvinodiwa uye midziyo ports.  
• Zvibatanidza: Zvibatanidza zvinoshandiswa kubatanidza mafiber ega ega pamwe chete kana kubatanidza mafiibhi kune zvimwe zvikamu zvetiweki, senge switch kana ma router. Aya ma-connectors anovimbisa yakachengeteka uye chaiyo yekubatanidza kuchengetedza kutendeseka kweiyo data inofambiswa.
• Connective Hardware: Izvi zvinosanganisira zvishandiso zvakaita sechigamba mapaneru, splice enclosures, uye mabhokisi ekumisa. Izvi zvikamu zvehardware zvinopa nzira iri nyore uye yakarongeka yekubata nekudzivirira iyo optical fibers nekubatana kwayo. Ivo zvakare vanobatsira mukugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa network.
• Enclosures senge yakamira-yega faibha makabati, rack gomo refiber enclosures kana madziro fibre enclosures zvinopa dziviriro yefiber interconnection uye slack/looping fibers ine sarudzo dzepamusoro density. Slack tray uye mafiibha madhairekitori anochengeta yakawandisa tambo kureba. Enclosures inodzivirira kubva kunjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye kuronga yakakwira fiber vhoriyamu. 
• Transceivers: Transceivers, inozivikanwawo se optical modules, inoshanda sechinhu chinopindirana pakati pefiber optic network uye mamwe madivayiri etiweki, akadai semakomputa, switch, kana ma router. Ivo vanoshandura masaini emagetsi kuita masaini masaini ekutapurirana uye zvichipesana, zvichibvumira kubatanidzwa kusina musono pakati pefiber optic network uye echinyakare mhangura-based network.
• Vanodzokorora / Amplifiers: Fiber optic zviratidzo zvinogona kuderera pamusoro pemarefu marefu nekuda kwekuderedza (kurasikirwa kwesimba rechiratidzo). Anodzokorora kana maamplifiers anoshandiswa kugadziridza uye kuwedzera masaini masaini nguva nenguva kuti ave nechokwadi chemhando yavo uye kuvimbika.
• Shanduko uye ma routers: Aya maturusi etiweki ane basa rekutungamira kuyerera kwedata mukati me fiber optic network. Shanduko dzinofambisa kutaurirana mukati metiweki yemuno, nepo ma routers achigonesa kuchinjanisa data pakati pemanetiweki akasiyana. Ivo vanobatsira kubata traffic uye kuona kufambiswa kwakanaka kwedata.
• Nzira dzekudzivirira: Fiber optic network inogona kusanganisira nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzivirira dzakadai senzira dzisina basa, magetsi ekuchengetedza, uye kuchengetedza data kuchengetedza kuvepo kwepamusoro uye kuvimbika kwedata. Aya maitiro anobatsira kuderedza network downtime uye kudzivirira kubva pakurasikirwa kwedata kana paine kutadza kana kukanganisa.
• Midziyo yekuyedza senge OTDRs uye optical magetsi metres inoyera kuita kuti ive nechokwadi chekufambisa kwemasaini. OTDRs inosimbisa kuisirwa kwetambo uye kutsvaga nyaya. Mamita emagetsi anotarisa kurasikirwa pazvibatanidza. Zvigadzirwa zvekutarisira zvivakwa zvinobatsira mukunyora, kunyora, kuronga uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.   

 

Izvi zvikamu zvinoshanda pamwe chete kugadzira yakasimba uye yakakwirira-kumhanya fiber optic network, inogonesa kukurumidza uye yakavimbika kufambisa data pamadaro marefu.

 

Kuunza zvikamu pamwe chete nekumisikidza kwakaringana, kumisa, kupatsanura uye kupeta matekiniki kunogonesa kufambisa chiratidzo che data, izwi uye vhidhiyo pamakampasi, zvivakwa uye network network. Kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa pamitengo yedata, mabhajeti ekurasikirwa, kukura, uye nharaunda inosarudza musanganiswa unodiwa wetambo, yekubatanidza, kuyedza uye yakavharirwa kune chero networking application. 

Fiber Optic Cable Sarudzo  

Fiber optic tambo dzinopa iyo yemuviri yekufambisa svikiro yekufambisa masaini masaini pane ipfupi kusvika kureba. Kune akati wandei marudzi aripo ekubatanidza networking zvishandiso, vatengi zvishandiso, uye telecommunications infrastructure. Zvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo yekuisa, faibha modhi uye kuverenga, mhando dzekubatanidza, uye mareti edata zvinoona kuti ndeipi fiber optic tambo yekuvaka yakakodzera kune yega application.  

 

Matambo eCopper seCAT5E Data Copper Cable kana CAT6 Data Copper Cable ine fiber tambo dzakasungwa nemhangura peya, inobatsira uko zvese zviri zviviri fiber nemhangura yekubatanidza inodiwa mune imwe tambo inomhanya. Sarudzo dzinosanganisira simplex/zip cord, duplex, distribution and breakout cables.

 

Armored Cables akabatanidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusimbisa zvinhu zvekudzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa kana zvakanyanya nharaunda. Mhando dzinosanganisira Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Member Armored cable (GYFTA53) kana Stranded Loose Tube Light-armored Cable (GYTS/GYTA) nemachubhu akazadzwa negel uye simbi yekusimbisa pakushandisa kembasi. Zvombo zvinopindirana kana tepi yesimbi yakashongedzwa inopa yakanyanyisa kuchengetedzwa kwemakonzo / mheni.  

 

Drop Cables anoshandiswa kwekupedzisira kubatana kubva pakugovera kuenda kunzvimbo. Sarudzo senge Inozvitsigira Bow-mhando yekudonha tambo (GJYXFCH) kana Bow-type yekudonhedza tambo (GJXFH) haidi tsigiro yetambo. Strenath Bow-mhando yekudonha tambo (GJXFA) yakasimbisa nhengo dzakasimba. Bow-mhando yekudonha tambo ye duct (GJYXFHS) yekugadzika konduit. Aerial sarudzo dzinosanganisira Mufananidzo 8 Cable (GYTC8A) kana Yese Dielectric Self-inotsigira Aerial Cable (ADSS).

 

Dzimwe sarudzo dzekushandisa mukati dzinosanganisira Unitube Chiedza-Armored Cable (GYXS/GYXTW), Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable (JET) kana Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Member Non-Armored cable (GYFTY) Hybrid fiber optic tambo dzine faibha nemhangura mune rimwe bhachi. 

 

Kusarudza tambo yefiber optic seSelf-inotsigira Bow-mhando yekudonha tambo (GJYXFCH) inotanga nekuona nzira yekuisa, nharaunda, fiber mhando uye kuverenga kunodiwa. Zvinotsanangurwa zvekuvakwa kwetambo, murazvo / kupwanya chiyero, yekubatanidza mhando, uye kudhonza tension inofanirwa kuenderana neyakagadzirirwa kushandiswa uye nzira. 

 

Kuiswa kwakakodzera, kumisa, kupatsanura, kuisirwa, uye kuyedzwa kwetambo dzefiber optic nenyanzvi dzakasimbiswa dzinogonesa kufambiswa kwepamusoro bandwidth pamusoro peFTTx, metro uye marefu-haul network. Hutsva hutsva hunovandudza fiber yekubatanidza, kuwedzera fiber density mumadiki, akabhenda-insensitive composite tambo dzenguva yemberi.

  

MaHybrid Cables ane ese ari maviri emhangura uye tambo dzefiber mune rimwe jekete rekushandisa rinoda izwi, data, uye yakakwirira-kumhanya yekubatanidza. Copper / fiber kuverenga kunosiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Inoshandiswa kudonhedza kuiswa muMDUs, zvipatara, zvikoro uko tambo imwe chete inomhanya inogoneka.

 

Dzimwe sarudzo senge nhamba-8 uye tambo dzemuchadenga dzese-dielectric kana dzine fiberglass / polymer simba nhengo dzekuisa mumhepo dzisingade simbi yekusimbisa. Yakasununguka chubhu, yepakati core uye ribhoni fiber tambo dhizaini inogona kushandiswa zvakare.

 

Kusarudza tambo yefiber optic kunotanga nekuona nzvimbo yekuisa uye mwero wekudzivirira unodiwa, ipapo faibha kuverenga uye mhando inodiwa kutsigira zvazvino uye zveramangwana bandwidth zvinodiwa. Mhando dzekubatanidza, kuvakwa kwetambo, chiyero chemurazvo, kupwanya/kukanganisa chiyero, uye kudhonza tension specs zvinofanirwa kuenderana nenzira yakatarwa uye mashandisiro. Kusarudza inoremekedzwa, zviyero-inoenderana netambo yekugadzira uye kuonesa ese ekuita maitiro akatemerwa zvakaringana kune yekumisikidza nharaunda inova nechokwadi chemhando yefiber infrastructure ine yakakwana yekufambisa chiratidzo. 

 

Fiber optic tambo dzinopa hwaro hwekuvaka akakwira-kumhanya fiber network asi zvinoda hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi matekinoroji ekumisa kwakaringana, kupatsanura, kuisa, uye kuyedzwa. Kana yaiswa nemhando yekubatanidza zvikamu mugadziriro yakanyatsogadzirwa, tambo dzefiber optic dzinogonesa kufambiswa kwepamusoro bandwidth pamusoro pemetro, refu-haul uye FTTx network inoshandura kutaurirana kwedata, izwi, uye vhidhiyo maapplication pasi rese. Hutsva hutsva hwakatenderedza tambo diki, yakakwira fiber density, magadzirirwo akaumbwa, uye mabhendi-asinganzwe faibha zvinoramba zvichivandudza fiber yekubatanidza mune ramangwana.

 

Unogona Kufarirawo:

 

• Kupinza Fiber Optic Cables kubva kuChina: Sei-ku & Best Tips
• 4 Akanyanya Fiber Optic Cable Vagadziri muTurkey Kutevera
• Vepamusoro 5 Fiber Optic Cable Mutengesi MuPhilippines
• Vepamusoro 5 Fiber Optic Cable Vagadziri muMalaysia

Fiber Optic Kubatana

Zvikamu zvekubatanidza zvinopa nzira yekubatanidza fiber optic cabling ine networking zvishandiso uye kugadzira chigamba chinongedzo kuburikidza nemapanera uye makaseti. Sarudzo dzekubatanidza, adapta, tambo dzechigamba, bulkheads, uye zvigamba mapaneru zvinogonesa hukama pakati pemidziyo uye inobvumira kugadziridzwazve kune fiber zvivakwa sezvinodiwa. Kusarudza yekubatanidza kunoda kuenzanisa mhando dzekubatanidza kune tambo tambo mhando uye midziyo ports, kurasikirwa uye kusimba kutsanangurwa kunetiweki zvinodiwa, uye kuisirwa zvinodiwa.

 

Zvibatanidza: Zvibatanidza zvinomisa tambo dzefiber kune tambo mbiri kumachiteshi emidziyo kana mamwe tambo. Mhando dzakajairika ndeidzi:

 

• LC (Lucent Connector): 1.25mm zirconia ferrule. Zvepatch panels, media converters, transceivers. Kurasikirwa kwakaderera uye kunyatsojeka. Yakabatanidzwa neLC connectors. 
• SC (Subscriber Connector): 2.5mm ferrule. Robust, kune akareba zvinongedzo. Yakabatanidzwa neSC zvibatanidza. Yekambasi network, telco, maindasitiri.
• ST (Zano Rakarurama): 2.5mm ferrule. Simplex kana duplex zvimedu zviripo. Telco standard asi kumwe kurasikirwa. Yakabatanidzwa ne ST connectors. 
• MPO (Multi-fiber Push On): Ribhoni faibha chirume chinongedzo chemagetsi anoenderana. 12-fiber kana 24-fiber sarudzo. Nokuda kwehupamhi hwepamusoro, nzvimbo dze data, 40G / 100G Ethernet. Yakabatanidzwa neMPO yevakadzi vanobatanidza. 
• MTP -MPO musiyano neUS Conec. Inoenderana neMPO.
• SMA (Nyaya A): 2.5mm ferrule. Zvekushandisa bvunzo, zviridzwa, zvekurapa zvishandiso. Haiwanzo shandiswa kune data network.

 

Verenga Uyewo: A Comprehensive Guide kune Fiber Optic Connectors

 

Bulkheads inokwira mumidziyo, mapaneru, uye madziro emadziro kuti achengetedze interface zvibatanidza. Sarudzo dzinosanganisira simplex, duplex, array kana tsika zvigadziriso nevakadzi connector ports kuti vabatane netambo dzechigamba kana jumper tambo dzemhando imwechete yekubatanidza.

 

Adapters anojoinha zvibatanidza zviviri zvemhando imwe chete. Configurations are simplex, duplex, MPO, uye tsika yehigh density. Isai mufiber patch mapaneru, mafuremu ekugovera, kana madziro ekubuda kwedzimba kuti afambise machinjiro-anobatana uye kugadzirisa zvakare. 

 

Patch Tambo dzakafanogumiswa nezvibatanidza zvinogadzira zvinongedzo zvenguva pfupi pakati pemidziyo kana mukati mechigamba. Inowanikwa mune singlemode, multimode kana composite tambo dzeakasiyana siyana. Kureba kwakajairwa kubva pa0.5 kusvika ku5 metres nehurefu hwetsika pakukumbira. Sarudza mhando yefiber, yekuvaka uye yekubatanidza mhando kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvekuisa. 

 

Patch Panels inopa kubatana kwefiber tambo munzvimbo yepakati, ichigonesa kuyambuka-inobatanidza uye kufamba / kunowedzera / shanduko. Sarudzo dzinosanganisira:

 

• Standard patch panels: 1U kusvika 4U, bata 12 kusvika 96 fiber kana kupfuura. LC, SC, MPO adapta sarudzo. Kune data centers, kuvaka interconnect. 
• Angled patch panels: Zvakafanana neyakajairwa asi pa45° angle yekuonekwa/kuwanikwa. 
• MPO/MTP makaseti: Svetera mu1U kune 4U zvigamba mapaneru. Imwe neimwe inobata gumi nemaviri-fiber MPO majoini kuti abude kuita mafiber ega ane LC/SC adapters kana kubatanidza akawanda MPO/MTP harnesses. High density, ye12G/40G Ethernet. 
• Fiber kugovera racks uye mafuremu: Kukura kwetsoka, kuverengeka kwechiteshi chepamusoro kupfuura mapaneru. Kune main cross-connects, telco/ISP pakati mahofisi.

 

Fiber inovharira imba chigamba mapaneru, slack manejimendi uye splice trays. Rackmount, wallmount uye yakamira sarudzo ine akasiyana chiteshi kuverenga / tsoka. Shanduro dzinodzorwa nenharaunda kana dzisina kudzorwa. Ipa sangano uye dziviriro kune fiber interconnections. 

 

MTP/MPO harnesses (hunde) inojoinha MPO zvibatanidza zvekufambisa kwakafanana mu40/100G network link. Chikadzi-ku-chikadzi uye chikadzi-ku-chirume sarudzo dzine 12-fiber kana 24-fiber kuvaka.

 

Kuiswa kwakaringana kwemhando yekubatanidza zvikamu nevane hunyanzvi matekinoroji kwakakosha pakuita kwakanyanya uye kuvimbika mumafiber network. Kusarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuisa uye network zvishandiso zvinogonesa yakakwirira-density zvivakwa nerutsigiro rwenhaka uye maapplication ari kubuda. Hutsva hutsva hwakatenderedza madiki mafomu zvinhu, yakakwirira fiber / yekubatanidza density uye nekukurumidza network inowedzera izvo zvinodikanwa pakubatana kwefiber, zvinoda mhinduro dzakasimba uye dhizaini inoshanduka. 

 

Kubatana kunomiririra chivakwa chekuvaka chefiber optic network, inobvumira kupindirana pakati petambo inomhanya, muchinjiko-unobatanidza, uye networking michina. Tsanangudzo dzakatenderedza kurasikirwa, kusimba, density, uye data data inotaridza kusanganisa kwakaringana kwezvibatanidza, adapta, zvigamba tambo, mapaneru, uye maharnesses ekugadzira fiber link inozokwira kusangana neramangwana bandwidth zvinodiwa.

Fiber Optic Distribution Systems

Fiber optic tambo dzinoda kuvharirwa, makabhati nemafuremu kuronga, kudzivirira uye kupa mukana kune fiber tambo. Zvikamu zvakakosha zvefiber distribution system zvinosanganisira:

 

1. Fiber enclosures -Mabhokisi anodzivirira mamiriro ekunze akaiswa munzira yetambo kuenda kudzimba splices, slack cable yekuchengetedza, uye kumisa kana nzvimbo dzekuwana. Enclosures inodzivirira zvinhu kubva mukukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uku ichibvumira kuenderera mberi. Madziro emadziro uye danda regomo enclosures zvakajairika. 
2. Fiber kugovera makabati - Makabati ane fiber optic yekubatanidza mapaneru, splice trays, slack fiber kuchengetedza, uye zvigamba tambo dzeyekubatanidza nzvimbo. Makabati anowanikwa semukati kana kunze / akaomeswa zvikamu. Makabati ekunze anopa nharaunda yakagadzikana yemidziyo yakaoma mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara.
3. Fiber distribution frames -Mahombe ekugovera mayuniti ane akawanda fiber patch mapaneru, yakatwasuka uye yakachinjika tambo manejimendi, splice makabati, uye cabling yeyakakwira-fiber density cross-connect application. Mafuremu ekugovera anotsigira musana uye nzvimbo dzedata.
4. Fiber patch panels - Mapaneru ane akawanda faibha adapta yekumisa fiber tambo tambo uye yekubatanidza chigamba tambo. Akatakura mapaneru anotsvedza mumakabati efiber uye mafuremu efiber cross-connection uye kugovera. Adapter panels uye cassette panels ndiwo marudzi maviri akajairika.  
5. Splice trays - Modular trays inoronga yega fiber splices yekudzivirira uye kuchengetedza. Matireyi akawanda anochengeterwa mufiber makabati uye mafuremu. Splice trays inobvumira yakawandisa slack fiber kuti igare mushure mekutsvedza kwekufamba / wedzera / shandura kuchinjika pasina kudzokorora. 
6. Slack spools -Kutenderedza spools kana reels akaiswa mufiber yekugovera zvikamu kuchengetedza zvakawandisa kana kuchengetedza fiber tambo kureba. Slack spools inodzivirira fiber kubva pakupfuura zvishoma bend radius, kunyangwe kana uchifambisa nzvimbo dzakasimba dzeakavharirwa uye makabati. 
7. Patch cables - Hurefu hwefiber cordage yakagumiswa zvachose kumigumo yese ine zvibatanidza kuti ipe inochinjika yekubatanidza pakati pechigamba mapaneru, zviteshi zvemidziyo, uye mamwe mapoinzi ekugumisira. Patch tambo dzinobvumira shanduko nekukurumidza kune fiber link pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. 

 

Fiber optic yekubatanidza zvikamu pamwe chete nedziviriro dzakavharirwa uye makabati zvinogadzira yakabatanidzwa sisitimu yekugovera fiber pane networking zvishandiso, vashandisi, uye zvivakwa. Paunenge uchigadzira mafiber network, vasanganisi vanofanirwa kufunga zvizere zvivakwa zvinodiwa mukuwedzera kune iyo fiber optic tambo pachayo. Iyo yakanyatso shongedzerwa sisitimu yekugovera inotsigira fiber kuita, inopa kuwana uye kuchinjika, uye inowedzera hupenyu hurefu hwefiber network. 

Zvishandiso zveFiber Optic Cables 

Fiber optic network yave musimboti wemazuva ano enharembozha masisitimu, ichipa yakakwirira-kumhanya kufambisa data uye yekubatanidza muminda yakawanda.

 

Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha mashandisirwo efiber optic tambo iri mune telecommunications infrastructure. Fiber optic network yakagonesa high-speed Broadband kubatanidza kune internet uye nhare sevhisi pasi rese. Iyo yakakwira bandwidth yefiber optic tambo inobvumira kukurumidza kutapurirana kwezwi, data, uye vhidhiyo. Makambani makuru enharembozha akadyara mari yakawanda mukuvaka pasi rose fiber optic network.

 

Fiber optic sensors ine zvakawanda zvekushandisa mukurapa uye hutano hwehutano. Ivo vanogona kubatanidzwa muzvishandiso zvekuvhiya kuti vape yakakwidziridzwa kunyatsojeka, kuona, uye kutonga. Fiber optic sensors inoshandiswawo kutarisa zviratidzo zvakakosha kune varwere vanorwara zvakanyanya uye inogona kuona shanduko isingaonekwe nepfungwa dzevanhu. Vanachiremba vari kuferefeta vachishandisa mafiber optic sensors kuti vaone zvirwere zvisingapindike nekuongorora zvimiro zvechiedza chinofamba nepamatishu evarwere.

 

Mauto anoshandisa tambo dzefiber optic kuitira kutaurirana kwakachengeteka uye matekinoroji ekunzwa. Ndege nemotokari zvinowanzoshandisa fiber optics kuderedza uremu uye kukanganisa kwemagetsi. Fiber optic gyroscopes inopa chaiyo navigation data yekutungamira masisitimu. Mauto anoshandisa zvakare yakagoverwa fiber optic sensing kutarisa nzvimbo hombe dzevhu kana zvivakwa kune chero kukanganisa kunogona kuratidza chiitiko chemuvengi kana kukuvadzwa kwechimiro. Mamwe majeti ekurwira uye masisitimu ezvombo epamusoro anovimba nefiber optics. 

 

Fiber optic mwenje inoshandisa tambo dzefiber optic kufambisa mwenje kune yekushongedza zvikumbiro senge kuvheneka kwemweya mudzimba kana mwenje mumamuseum. Chiedza chinopenya, chinoshanda nesimba chinogona kushandiswa kuita mavara akasiyana, maumbirwo, uye zvimwe zvinokonzeresa uchishandisa mafirita nemalenzi. Fiber optic lighting inogadzirawo kupisa kushoma kana ichienzaniswa nemwenje wakajairwa, inoderedza mari yekugadzirisa, uye ine hupenyu hurefu.    

 

Kutariswa kwehutano hwehutano kunoshandisa fiber optic sensors kuona shanduko kana kukuvara muzvivakwa, mabhiriji, madhamu, tunnel, uye zvimwe zvivakwa. Masensor anogona kuyera kuzunguzika, ruzha, kusiyanisa tembiricha, uye kufamba kwemaminiti kusingaonekwe kune vanoongorora vanhu kuti vaone zvingangoitika zvisati zvatadza zvachose. Kuongorora uku kune chinangwa chekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji nekudzivirira kuparara kwezvimiro zvine njodzi. Fiber optic sensors yakanakira iyi application nekuda kwekurongeka kwayo, kushaikwa kwekukanganisa, uye kuramba kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu senge corrosion.     

Pamusoro pemashandisirwo ataurwa pamusoro apa, kune mamwe akawanda ekushandisa kesi uko fiber optics inokunda mumaindasitiri akasiyana uye marongero, akadai se:

 

• Campus distributor network
• Data center network
• Industrial fiber network
• Fiber kune antenna (FTTA)
• FTTx network
• 5G isina waya network
• Telecommunications network
• Cable TV network
• etc.

 

Kana iwe uchida zvimwe, welcom kushanyira chinyorwa ichi: Fiber Optic Cable Zvishandiso: Yakazara Rondedzero & Tsanangura (2023)

Fiber Optic Cables vs. Copper Cables 

Fiber optic cables inopa mabhenefiti makuru pamusoro petambo dzemhangura dzechinyakare yekufambisa ruzivo. Mabhenefiti anonyanya kukosha ndeakakwira bandwidth uye nekukurumidza kumhanya. Fiber optic transmission mitsetse inokwanisa kutakura data rakawanda kupfuura tambo dzemhangura dzehukuru hwakafanana. Imwe fiber optic tambo inogona kufambisa akati wandei Terabits yedata pasekondi imwe, inova yakakwana bandwidth kufambisa zviuru zvemafirimu etsanangudzo yepamusoro kamwechete. Aya masimba anobvumira fiber optics kusangana nekuwedzera kwekuda kwedata, izwi, uye vhidhiyo kutaurirana.

 

Fiber optic cables zvakare inogonesa kukurumidza kubatana kweinternet uye kurodha kumhanya kwedzimba nemabhizinesi. Nepo tambo dzemhangura dzichiganhurirwa kumhanyiro yekudhawunirodha inosvika 100 Megabits pasekondi, kubatanidza kwefiber optic kunogona kudarika 2 Gigabits pasekondi yebasa rekugara - kakapetwa ka20 nekukurumidza. Fiber optics yakaita kuti yekukurumidza Broadband internet iwanikwe munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi. 

 

Fiber optic cables dzakareruka, dzakasimba, dzakasimba, uye dzinoshingirira mamiriro ekunze pane tambo dzemhangura. Ivo havana kukanganiswa nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi uye havadi kukwidziridzwa kwechiratidzo chekutapurirana madaro marefu. Fiber optic network ine zvakare hupenyu hunobatsira hweanopfuura makore makumi maviri nemashanu, yakareba kwazvo kupfuura network yemhangura inoda kutsiviwa mushure memakore gumi-gumi nemashanu. Nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo husingabatike uye husingabatike, tambo dzefiber optic dzinopa njodzi shoma dzekuchengetedza nemoto.

 

Nepo tambo dzefiber optic dzinowanzova nemitengo yakakwira kumberi, dzinowanzo kupa mari pamusoro pehupenyu hwese network mukudzikiswa kwekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwekushandisa pamwe nekuvimbika kukuru. Mutengo wezvinhu zvefiber optic uye zvinongedzo wakadzikira zvakanyanya mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, zvichiita kuti fiber optic network ive sarudzo ine mari kune zvese zvakakura nezvidiki-zvidiki zvekutaurirana zvinodiwa. 

 

Muchidimbu, kana zvichienzaniswa nemhangura yechinyakare uye mamwe masvikiro ekutapurirana, tambo dzefiber optic dzinozvirumbidza dzakakosha dzehunyanzvi hwekumhanya-mhanya, kureba uye hukuru hwekutapurirana ruzivo pamwe chete nehupfumi uye hunoshanda mabhenefiti ekukurukurirana network uye maapplication. Aya hunhu epamusoro akatungamira mukutsiviwa kwakawanda kwemhangura zvivakwa nefiber optics mumaindasitiri mazhinji etekinoroji.  

Kuiswa kweFiber Optic Cables

Kuisa tambo dzefiber optic zvinoda kubata kwakaringana, kubatanidza, kubatanidza, uye kuyedza kuderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakavimbika. Fiber optic splicing inobatanidza mafiber maviri pamwechete nekuanyungudusa uye nekuasanganisa akanyatsoenderana kuti aenderere mberi nekufambisa mwenje. Mechanical splices uye fusion splices inzira mbiri dzakajairika, ine fusion splices inopa yakaderera mwenje kurasikirwa. Fiber optic amplifiers anoshandiswawo pamusoro pemarefu marefu kukwidziridza chiratidzo pasina kuda kushandura mwenje kuti udzokere kuchiratidzo chemagetsi.

 

Fiber optic connectors anoshandiswa kubatanidza uye kudimbura tambo pamajunctions uye michina interfaces. Kuiswa kwakaringana kwezvibatanidza kwakakosha kudzikisa kutarisisa kumashure uye kurasikirwa kwemagetsi. Mhando dzakajairwa dzefiber optic connectors dzinosanganisira ST, SC, LC, uye MPO zvibatanidza. Fiber optic transmitters, vanogamuchira, switch, mafirita, uye kupatsanura zvakaiswawo mukati mefiber optic network kutungamira uye kugadzirisa masaini emaziso.      

 

Chengetedzo chinhu chakakosha kutariswa kana uchiisa fiber optic zvikamu. Laser mwenje inopfuudzwa kuburikidza nefiber optic tambo inogona kukonzera kukuvara zvachose kweziso. Kudzivirirwa kwemaziso kwakakodzera uye maitiro ekunyatsobata anofanirwa kuteverwa. Matambo anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa zvakaringana uye akadzivirirwa kudzivirira kudhumhana, kinking, kana kutyoka izvo zvinogona kuita kuti tambo isashande. Tambo dzepanze dzine yakawedzera kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze asi dzichiri kuda kuisirwa kwakaringana zvimiro kudzivirira kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza.

 

Kuiswa kweFiber optic kunoda kucheneswa, kuongorora, uye kuyedza zvese zvikamu zvisati zvatumirwa. Kunyangwe kusakwana kudiki kana kusvibiswa pazvibatanidza, splice point, kana tambo jaketi zvinogona kukanganisa masaini kana kubvumidza kupindira kwezvakatipoteredza. Optical kurasikirwa kuyedzwa uye simba mita yekuyedza panguva yese yekuisa shuwa kuti sisitimu ichaita neakakwana emagetsi margins echinhambwe uye bit chiyero chinodiwa.    

 

Kuisa fiber optic zvivakwa kunoda hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye ruzivo kuti upedze nemazvo uku uchivimbisa kuvimbika kwakanyanya uye kuderedza nyaya dzemberi. Mazhinji makambani ehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji uye makondirakiti emagetsi anopa fiber optic yekumisikidza masevhisi kubata izvi zvinonetsa uye zvehunyanzvi zvinodiwa zvekumisikidza fiber optic network yakakura uye diki. Nemaitiro akakodzera uye hunyanzvi, tambo dzefiber optic dzinogona kupa yakajeka kutapurirana kwemasaini kwemakore mazhinji kana yaiswa nemazvo. 

Kumisa Fiber Optic Cables

Kugumisa fiber optic cables inosanganisira kubatanidza zvinobatanidza kune tambo dzetambo kugonesa zvinongedzo pakati pemidziyo yetiweki kana mukati mechigamba. Iyo yekumisa maitiro inoda kurongeka uye kwakaringana nzira yekudzikisa kurasikirwa uye kugadzirisa mashandiro kuburikidza nekubatanidza. Matanho akajairika ekumisa anosanganisira:

 

1. Bvisa bhachi bhachi uye chero kusimbiswa, kuburitsa pachena fiber tambo. Yera hurefu chaihwo hunodiwa uye nyatso simbisa chero faibha isina kushandiswa kudzivirira hunyoro/kusvibiswa kuratidzwa.  
2. Sarudza iyo fiber mhando (singlemode / multimode) uye saizi yakatarwa (SMF-28, OM1, nezvimwewo). Sarudza zvinowirirana zvinobatanidza seLC, SC, ST kana MPO yakagadzirirwa ingave singlemode kana multimode. Matanidza saizi yemaferrule yekubatanidza kune fiber madhayamita. 
3. Chenesa uye bvisa faibha kusvika pahurefu chaihwo hunodiwa pamhando yekubatanidza. Gadzira macheke nekungwarira kudzivirira kukuvara kwefiber. Chenesazve fiber pamusoro kuti ubvise chero tsvina. 
4. Isa epoxy kana polishable faibha komboni (yemulti-fiber MPO) kune yekubatanidza ferrule yekupedzisira kumeso. Mhepo inoputika haifaniri kuonekwa. Kune ma-pre-polished connectors, ingochenesa uye ongorora ferrule end face.
5. Nyatsopinza faibha muchoto chekubatanidza pasi pekukudza kwakakodzera. Ferrule inofanirwa kutsigira iyo fiber kumagumo kumagumo kwayo kumeso. Fiber haifaniri kubuda kubva kumagumo chiso.  
6. Ropa iyo epoxy kana polishing compound sekurairwa. Kune epoxy, vazhinji vanotora 10-15 maminetsi. Mushonga wekupisa kana UV mushonga ungangodiwa zvichibva pane zvakatemwa zvechigadzirwa. 
7. Ongorora chiso chekupedzisira pasi pekukwidziridzwa kwepamusoro kuti uone kuti faibha iri pakati uye inobuda zvishoma kubva kumagumo eferrule. Kune ma-pre-polished connectors, ingoongorora zvakare kumagumo kwechiso chepi chinosvibisa kana kukuvara usati wasangana. 
8. Edza kupera kwapera kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana kusati kwatumirwa. Shandisa inooneka fiber kuenderera mberi tester pane zvishoma kuti usimbise chiratidzo chekufambisa kuburikidza nekubatanidza kutsva. Iyo OTDR inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuyera kurasikirwa uye kutsvaga chero nyaya. 
9. Chengetedza kwakaringana kucheneswa uye maitiro ekuongorora ezviso zvekubatanidza magumo mushure mekusangana kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo kana kukuvara kwemidziyo kubva kune zvinosvibisa. Caps inofanira kuchengetedza unmated connectors. 

 

Nekudzidzira uye maturusi akakodzera / zvinhu, kuwana yakaderera-kurasikirwa kugumiswa kunova nekukurumidza uye kunoenderana. Nekudaro, nekupihwa iko kurongeka kunodiwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuti certified fiber tekinoroji vapedze kumisa pane yakakosha yepamusoro-bandwidth network zvinongedzo pese pazvinogoneka kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanyanya uye system uptime. Unyanzvi uye ruzivo zvine basa rekubatanidza fiber. 

Kubatanidza Fiber Optic Cables

Mu fiber optic network, splicing zvinoreva nzira yekubatanidza tambo mbiri kana kupfuura dzefiber optic pamwechete. Iyi tekinoroji inogonesa iyo kutapurirana kusina musono kwezviratidzo zvemaziso pakati petambo, zvichibvumira kuwedzera kana kugadziriswa kwefiber optic network. Fiber optic splicing inowanzoitwa kana uchibatanidza tambo dzichangoiswa, kuwedzera manetwork aripo, kana kugadzirisa zvikamu zvakakanganisika. Inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti yakavimbika uye inoshanda kutapurirana data.

 

Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekubatanidza tambo dzefiber optic:

1. Fusion Splicing:

Fusion splicing inosanganisira kubatanidzwa zvachose kwetambo mbiri dzefiber optic nekunyungudusa nekusanganisa zviso zvavo zvekupedzisira pamwechete. Iyi nzira inoda kushandiswa kwe fusion splicer, muchina wakasarudzika unonyatso enderana nekunyungudusa ma fiber. Kana yanyungudutswa, mafiibhi acho anobatanidzwa pamwe chete, achiita kubatanidza kunopfuurira. Fusion splicing inopa yakaderera yekuisa kurasikirwa uye yakanakisa kugadzikana kwenguva refu, ichiita iyo nzira inosarudzika yepamusoro-inoshanda yekubatanidza.

 

Iyo fusion splicing process inowanzo sanganisira anotevera matanho:

 

• Kugadzirira Fiber: Iyo inodzivirira yekudzivirira yefiber inobviswa, uye iyo isina mafibhi inocheneswa kuti ive nechokwadi chepamusoro splicing mamiriro.
• Fiber Alignment: Iyo fusion splicer inogadzirisa mafiber nekunyatso kufananidza iwo macores, machira, uye machira.
• Fiber Fusion: Iyo splicer inogadzira arc yemagetsi kana laser danda kunyungudusa uye kusanganisa mafiber pamwechete.
• Splice Protection: Sleeve yekudzivirira kana yakavharirwa inoiswa kunharaunda yakatsetseka kuti ipe simba remagetsi uye kudzivirira splice kubva kune zvakatipoteredza.

2. Mechanical Splicing:

Mechanical splicing inosanganisira kubatanidza tambo dzefiber optic uchishandisa mechanical alignment midziyo kana zvinobatanidza. Kusiyana nefusion splicing, mechanical splicing hainyungudike uye kusanganisa mafibisi pamwechete. Panzvimbo iyoyo, inotsamira pakunyatso kurongeka uye zvemuviri zvinongedzo kumisikidza kuenderera mberi kwemaziso. Mechanical splices anowanzo kukodzera kugadzirisa kwenguva pfupi kana nekukurumidza, sezvo achipa kurasikirwa kwepamusoro kwepamusoro uye anogona kunge asina kusimba pane fusion splices.

 

Iyo nzira ye mechanical splicing inowanzo sanganisira zvinotevera matanho:

 

• Kugadzirira Fiber: Iyo fiber inogadzirirwa nekubvisa machira ekudzivirira uye nekuatsemura kuti awane zviso zvakati sandara, zviso zvekupedzisira.
• Fiber Alignment: Iwo mafiber anonyatso kurongeka uye anobatwa pamwechete achishandisa midziyo yekumisikidza, splice sleeve, kana zvinobatanidza.
• Splice Protection: Zvakafanana ne fusion splicing, sleeve yekudzivirira kana yakavharirwa inoshandiswa kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakatsetseka kubva kune kunze kwezvinhu.

 

Ose ari maviri fusion splicing uye mechanical splicing ane zvakanakira uye kushanda zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvefiber optic network. Fusion splicing inopa yakawedzera kugarisa uye yakavimbika kubatana nekuderera kwekuisa kurasikirwa, zvichiita kuti ive yakanakira kuisirwa kwenguva refu uye nekumhanya-mhanya kutaurirana. Kune rimwe divi, mechanical splicing inopa inokurumidza uye inoshanduka mhinduro yekubatanidza kwenguva pfupi kana mamiriro ezvinhu apo kazhinji shanduko kana kukwidziridzwa kunotarisirwa.

 

Muchidimbu, kubatanidza tambo dzefiber optic inzira yakakosha yekuwedzera, kugadzirisa, kana kubatanidza fiber optic network. Kungave uchishandisa fusion splicing yekubatanidza zvachose kana mechanical splicing kuti igadziriswe kwenguva pfupi, nzira idzi dzinoita seamless kutapurirana kwezviratidzo zvemaziso, zvichibvumira kutaurirana kwakanaka uye kwakavimbika kwedata mumashandisirwo akasiyana siyana. 

Indoor vs Kunze Fiber Optic Cables

1. Chii chinonzi Indoor fiber optic cables uye Mashandiro Ayo

Indoor fiber optic tambo dzakagadzirirwa chaizvo kushandiswa mukati mezvivakwa kana nzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa. Aya tambo anoita basa rakakosha mukupa yakakwirira-kumhanya kufambisa data uye yekubatanidza mukati mezvivakwa zvakaita semahofisi, nzvimbo dzedata, uye zvivakwa zvekugara. Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha ekufunga kana uchikurukura indoor fiber optic tambo:

 

• Kugadzira uye kuvaka: Indoor fiber optic tambo dzakagadzirwa kuti dzisaremekedze, dzinochinjika, uye dziri nyore kuisa munzvimbo dzemukati. Iwo anowanzo sanganisira yepakati core, cladding, uye yekudzivirira yekunze bhachi. Iyo yakakosha, yakagadzirwa negirazi kana plastiki, inobvumira kutapurirana kwemwenje masaini, nepo cladding ichibatsira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo nekuratidzira mwenje kumashure. Iyo jekete yekunze inopa dziviriro pakukuvadza kwemuviri uye zvakatipoteredza.
• Mhando dzemukati fiber optic tambo: Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emukati mefiber optic cables anowanikwa, anosanganisira tambo dzakabatikana, loose-chubhu tambo, uye tambo dzeribhoni. Tambo dzakasimba-dzinovharwa dzine yekunamira yakananga pamusoro petambo dzefiber, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakakodzera kune mapfupi-maapplication ekushandisa uye kuisa mukati memba. Tambo dzakasununguka dzine machubhu anozadza gel anovharira tambo dzefiber, achipa imwe dziviriro yekunze uye yemukati / yekunze yekushandisa. Tambo dzeRibhoni dzinosanganisira akawanda faibha tambo dzakarongedzerwa pamwe chete mufurati ribhoni-kunge gadziriro, inogonesa yakakwira fiber kuverenga mune compact fomu.
• Applications: Indoor fiber optic tambo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune akasiyana maapplication mukati mezvivakwa. Iwo anowanzo kuisirwa nharaunda nharaunda network (LANs) kubatanidza makomputa, maseva, uye mamwe madivayiri etiweki. Ivo vanogonesa kutapurirana kweyakakwira-bandwidth data, senge vhidhiyo kutenderera, cloud computing, uye hombe faira kutamiswa, ine shoma latency. Indoor fiber optic tambo dzinoshandiswawo mune yakarongeka cabling masisitimu kutsigira nharembozha, internet yekubatanidza, uye masevhisi ezwi.
• Advantages: Indoor fiber optic tambo dzinopa akati wandei mabhenefiti pane echinyakare tambo dzemhangura. Ivo vane yakakwira bandwidth simba, inobvumira kukurumidza kukuru kwekufambisa data uye nekuvandudza network kuita. Ivo havadzivirirwe kune electromagnetic interference (EMI) uye radio frequency interference (RFI) sezvo ivo vachifambisa masaini masaini panzvimbo pemagetsi masaini. Fiber optic tambo zvakare dzakachengetedzeka zvakanyanya, sezvo dzichinetsa kubaya mukati kana kubata pasina kukonzeresa kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo.
• Zvinotarisirwa pakuiswa: Nzira dzekuisa dzakakodzera dzakakosha pakuita kwakaringana kwemukati fiber optic tambo. Zvakakosha kubata tambo nekungwarira kudzivirira kukotama kana kumonyoroka kupfuura iwo anokurudzirwa bend radius. Nzvimbo dzakachena uye dzisina guruva dzinosarudzwa panguva yekuisa nekugadzirisa, sezvo zvinosvibisa zvinogona kukanganisa chiratidzo chechiratidzo. Pamusoro pezvo, kwakaringana tambo manejimendi, kusanganisira nzira, kunyora mazita, uye kuchengetedza tambo, inova nechokwadi chekugadzirisa uye scalability.

 

Pakazere, indoor fiber optic tambo dzinopa yakavimbika uye inoshanda nzira yekufambisa data mukati mezvivakwa, ichitsigira iyo inogara ichiwedzera kudiwa kweiyo-kumhanya-kumhanya munzvimbo dzazvino.

2. Chii chinonzi Outdoor fiber optic cables uye Mashandiro Ayo

Kunze fiber optic tambo dzakagadzirirwa kutsungirira mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akaoma uye kupa yakavimbika data kutapurirana pamusoro madaro marefu. Tambo idzi dzinonyanya kushandiswa kubatanidza network network pakati pezvivakwa, makampasi, kana munzvimbo dzakakura dzenzvimbo. Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha ekutarisisa kana uchikurukura dzekunze fiber optic tambo:

 

• Kuvaka uye kudzivirira: Kunze fiber optic tambo dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinogara uye zvidimbu zvekudzivirira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuramba kwavo kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Iwo anowanzo sanganisira yepakati core, cladding, buffer machubhu, nhengo dzesimba, uye bhachi rekunze. Iyo yepakati uye yekupfekedza inogadzirwa negirazi kana epurasitiki kuti igone kutapurirana kwemwenje masaini. Buffer machubhu anodzivirira ega ega fiber tambo uye anogona kuzadzwa negel kana mvura-yekuvhara zvinhu kudzivirira kupinda kwemvura. Nhengo dzesimba, senge aramid yarns kana fiberglass rods, inopa tsigiro yemuchina, uye bhachi rekunze rinodzivirira tambo kubva kune UV mwaranzi, hunyoro, kushanduka kwetembiricha, uye kukuvara kwemuviri.
• Mhando dzekunze fiber optic tambo: Kune marudzi akasiyana ekunze fiber optic tambo dziripo kuti dzienderane nemhando dzakasiyana dzekuisa zvinodiwa. Loose-chubhu tambo dzinowanzo shandiswa pakumisikidza kureba kwekunze. Ivo vane ega ega fiber tambo akaiswa mukati mebuffer machubhu ekudzivirira kubva kune hunyoro uye mechanical stress. Tambo dzeRibhoni, dzakafanana nedzadzo dzemukati, dzine tambo dzakawanda dzefiber dzakarongedzerwa pamwe chete mugomba rebhabhoni gadziriro, zvichibvumira kukwira kwefiber density mune compact fomu. Tambo dzeAerial dzakagadzirirwa kuiswa pamatanda, nepo tambo dzekuvigwa dzakanangana dzakagadzirirwa kuvigwa pasi pevhu pasina kudiwa kwekuwedzera kwekudzivirira.
• Outdoor installation applications: Kunze fiber optic tambo dzinoiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, kusanganisira refu-haul telecommunications network, metropolitan area network (MANs), uye fiber-to-the-imba (FTTH) deployments. Vanopa kubatana pakati pezvivakwa, makampasi, uye nzvimbo dzedata, uye zvakare inogona kushandiswa kubatanidza nzvimbo dziri kure kana kumisikidza yakakwirira-inogoneka backhaul yekubatanidza kune isina waya network. Kunze fiber optic tambo dzinogonesa kukurumidza-kumhanyisa data kutapurirana, kutenderera kwevhidhiyo, uye kuwana internet pamadaro akakura.
• Zvemamiriro ekunze: Kunze fiber optic tambo dzinofanirwa kumirisana nematambudziko akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza. Iwo akagadzirirwa kuramba tembiricha yakanyanyisa, mwando, UV mwaranzi, uye makemikari. Iwo akanyatsogadzirwa kuti ave neakanakisa kusimba simba uye kuramba kune zvinokanganisa, abrasion, uye kukuvara kwemakonzo. Tambo dzakashongedzerwa dzehondo kana tambo dzemuchadenga dzine waya dzevatumwa dzinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinowanzoita kushushikana kwemuviri kana uko kuisirwa kunogona kusanganisira kuturika pamusoro kubva pamatanda.
• Kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa: Kunze fiber optic tambo dzinoda kuongororwa nguva nenguva uye kugadzirisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana. Kugara kucheneswa uye kuongororwa kwezvibatanidza, splices, uye nzvimbo dzekumisa kwakakosha. Matanho ekudzivirira, akadai sekuyedzwa nguva nenguva kwekupinda kwemvura uye kutarisa kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo, kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti uone chero zvingangoitika. Muchiitiko chekukuvara kwetambo, maitiro ekugadzirisa anosanganisira fusion splicing kana mechanic splicing anogona kushandiswa kudzoreredza kuenderera kwe optical fiber.

 

Kunze fiber optic tambo dzinoita basa rakakosha mukumisikidza yakasimba uye yakavimbika network yekubatanidza pamadaro marefu. Kugona kwavo kumirisana nemamiriro ekunze akaomarara uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwechiratidzo kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakuwedzera network yekubatanidza kupfuura zvivakwa uye munzvimbo dzakakura dzekunze.

3. Indoor vs Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables: Ungasarudza sei

Kusarudza iyo yakakodzera mhando yefiber optic tambo yenzvimbo yekuisa kwakakosha kune network kuita, kuvimbika uye hupenyu. Mafungiro akakosha emukati vs ekunze tambo anosanganisira: 

 

• Kuisa mamiriro - Tambo dzekunze dzakatemerwa kuratidzwa nemamiriro ekunze, chiedza chezuva, hunyoro, uye tembiricha yakanyanyisa. Ivo vanoshandisa gobvu, UV-resistant jaketi uye gels kana magirisi kudzivirira kubva pakupinda mvura. Tambo dzemukati hadzidi zvivakwa izvi uye dzine mabhachi akatetepa, asina-yakayerwa. Kushandisa tambo yemukati kunze kuchakurumidza kukanganisa tambo. 
• Components Rating - Tambo dzekunze dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvakatemerwa zvakaomerwa nharaunda dzakaomarara senge nhengo dzesimba resimbi isina simbi, mvura-inovharira aramid yarns, uye zvinobatanidza/zvimedu zvine gel seal. Izvi zvikamu hazvina basa pakugadzika kwemukati uye kuzvisiya munzvimbo yekunze kunoderedza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwetambo.  
• Conduit vs kunanga kuvigwa - Tambo dzekunze dzakaiswa pasi pevhu dzinogona kufamba nemukoto kana kuvigwa zvakananga. Tambo dzekuvigwa dzakananga dzine mabhachi anorema epolyethylene (PE) uye anowanzo sanganisira dura rezvombo rekudzivirira zvakanyanya kana rasangana nevhu. Tambo-dzakayereswa tambo dzine bhachi rakareruka uye hapana nhumbi dzokurwa sezvo mukoto unodzivirira tambo kubva mukukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. 
• Aerial vs pasi pevhu - Cables dzakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwemhepo dzine chimiro-8 dhizaini inozvitsigira pakati pemapango. Ivo vanoda UV-inodzivirira, mamiriro ekunze-akayerwa majaketi asi pasina nhumbi dzokurwa. Tambo dzepasi pevhu dzinoshandisa dhizaini, compact dhizaini uye kazhinji inosanganisira nhumbi dzokurwa uye dzinovharira mvura kuti dzigadzirwe mumigero kana tunnel. Aerial cable haigone kumira pasi pevhu yekumisikidza kushushikana. 
• Moto chiyero - Dzimwe tambo dzemukati, kunyanya idzo dziri munzvimbo dzekubatira mhepo, dzinoda mabhachi asingadziviriri moto uye asina chepfu kudzivirira kuparadzira mirazvo kana hutsi hune chepfu mumoto. Matambo aya anopfungaira hutsi, zero-halogen (LSZH) kana asingadzivi moto, asina asbestos (FR-A) anoburitsa utsi hushoma uye hapana zvinhu zvine njodzi kana zvaiswa pamoto. Tambo yakajairwa inogona kuburitsa utsi hune muchetura, saka tambo yakayerwa nemoto yakachengeteka kunzvimbo dzinogona kukanganiswa masumbu makuru evanhu. 

 

Onawo: Indoor vs. Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables: Basics, Misiyano, uye Maitiro Ekusarudza

 

Kusarudza iyo chaiyo mhando yetambo yenzvimbo yekuisa inochengetedza network uptime uye kuita uku uchidzivirira inodhura kutsiva yezvikamu zvakasarudzwa zvisizvo. Zvekunze-zvakatemerwa zvikamu zvakare zvinowanzova nemitengo yakakwira, saka kudzikisira mashandisiro azvo kune ekunze zvikamu zvetambo kunobatsira kukwirisa iyo yakazara network bhajeti. Netambo yakakodzera yeseti yega yega yemamiriro ekunze, yakavimbika fiber optic network inogona kuiswa chero painoda.

Kugadzira Yako Fiber Optic Network

Fiber optic network inoda kungwarira dhizaini kuti usarudze zvikamu zvinozoenderana nezvido zvazvino asi chiyero chekukura kweramangwana uye nekupa kusimba kuburikidza nedundancy. Zvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kwefiber system zvinosanganisira:

 

• Fiber Type: Sarudza singlemode kana multimode fiber. Singlemode ye> 10 Gbps, kureba. Multimode ye <10 Gbps, mapfupi anomhanya. Funga nezve OM3, OM4 kana OM5 ye multimode fiber uye OS2 kana OS1 ye singlemode. Sarudza madhayamita efiber anoenderana nekubatanidza uye midziyo ports. Ronga mhando dzefiber dzakatenderedza chinhambwe, bandwidth uye kurasikirwa bhajeti zvinodiwa. 
• Network Topology: Sarudzo dzakajairika inzvimbo-kune-inongedzo (yakananga chinongedzo), bhazi (multipoint: splice data mutambo pakati pemagumo), mhete (multipoint: denderedzwa rine magumo), muti/bazi (hierarchical offshoot mitsara), uye mesh (mazhinji anopindirana zvinongedzo) . Sarudza topology inoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekubatanidza, nzira dziripo, uye redundancy level. Mhete uye mesh topology inopa kusimba kwakanyanya neakawanda anogona nzira. 
• Fiber Kuverenga: Sarudza fiber strand kuverenga mune yega tambo inomhanya, yakavharirwa, mapaneru zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvazvino uye ramangwana bandwidth / kukura fungidziro. Izvo zvakanyanya scalable kuisa epamusoro kuverenga tambo / zvikamu izvo bhajeti inobvumira sezvo fiber splicing uye rerouting yakaoma kana mamwe tambo achidiwa gare gare. Kune makiyi emusana zvinongedzo, hurongwa hwefiber hunoverengera kutenderedza 2-4 nguva dzinofungidzirwa bandwidth zvinodiwa pamakore gumi-gumi nemashanu.  
• Kubudirira: Dhizaina iyo fiber zvivakwa zvine ramangwana bandwidth kudiwa mupfungwa. Sarudza zvikamu zvine hukuru hukuru hwefiber hunoshanda uye siya nzvimbo yekuwedzera mumakavha, maraki, uye nzira. Tenga chete zvigamba mapaneru, makaseti uye maharnesses ane adapta mhando uye port kuverenga kunodiwa kune zvinodikanwa zvazvino, asi sarudza modular michina ine nzvimbo yezviteshi zvakawanda kuti zviwedzerwe sezvo bandwidth inokura kudzivirira kutsiva kunodhura. 
• Redundancy: Sanganisira zvisingaverengeki zvinongedzo mune cabling/fiber zvivakwa uko nguva yekudzikira haigone kutenderwa (chipatara, data center, utility). Shandisa mesh topology, dual homing (mbiri mbiri kubva kune saiti kuenda kunetiweki), kana kutenderera emuti maprotocol pamusoro peiyo ring ring topology kuvharisa ma link uye kugonesa otomatiki kukundikana. Neimwe nzira, ronga nzira dzakapatsanurwa dzemakabheti uye nzira dzekupa zvizere zvisingaite zvekubatanidza sarudzo pakati pemasaiti akakosha / zvivakwa. 
• Kutevedzera: Shanda nevagadziri vane zvitupa uye vanoisa vane ruzivo mufiber network deployment. Unyanzvi hwakatenderedza kumisa uye kubatanidza fiber optic cabling, yekuyedza malink, uye zvinhu zvekumisikidza zvinodikanwa kuti uwane kuita kwakaringana. Nyora zvakajeka zvivakwa zve manejimendi uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.

 

Kune inoshanda kwenguva refu-yakareba-fiber yekubatanidza, kuronga dhizaini ine scalable uye yakakwirira-inogoneka sisitimu inogona kushanduka pamwe chete nedhijitari yekutaurirana matekinoroji kwakakosha. Funga nezvese zvazvino uye zveramangwana zvinodiwa paunenge uchisarudza fiber optic cabling, yekubatanidza zvikamu, nzira, uye michina kudzivirira inodhura redesign kana network mabhodhoro sezvo bandwidth inoda kuwedzera pamusoro pehupenyu hwezvivakwa. Iine dhizaini yakatsiga, yeramangwana-inopupurirwa yakaitwa nemazvo nenyanzvi dzine ruzivo, fiber optic network inova chinhu chehunyanzvi chine kudzoka kwakakosha pakudyara.

Fiber Optic Cables Consturction: Best Mazano & Maitiro

Heano mamwe matipi efiber optic maitiro akanakisa:

 

• Gara uchitevera yakakurudzirwa bend radius miganhu yeiyo chaiyo fiber optic tambo mhando. Kupeta faibha zvakanyanya kukuvadza girazi uye kutyora nzira dzemaziso. 
• Chengetedza fiber optic connectors nemaadapter zvakachena. Yakasviba kana yakakweshwa yakabatana inoparadzira chiedza uye inoderedza simba rechiratidzo. Kazhinji inotariswa #1 chikonzero chekurasikirwa kwechiratidzo.
• Shandisa zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa zvakabvumidzwa chete. Isopropyl doro uye specialty fiber optic yekuchenesa mhinduro yakachengeteka kune yakawanda fiber yekubatanidza kana yakashandiswa nemazvo. Mamwe makemikari anogona kukuvadza nzvimbo dzefiber uye machira. 
• Dzivirira fiber optic cabling kubva pakukanganisa uye kupwanya. Kudonhedza kana kupinza fiber kunogona kutsemura girazi, kutyora coating, kana compress uye kukanganisa tambo, zvese zvichikonzera kukuvara zvachose.
• Chengetedza chaiyo polarity mune duplex fiber tambo uye MPO hunde. Kushandisa polarity isiriyo inodzivirira kutapurirana kwechiedza pakati pemafiibhi akanyatsopetwa. Tenzi iyo A, B pinout scheme uye madhayagiramu akawanda ekubatanidza kwako. 
• Nyora zvese fiber optic cabling zvakajeka uye zvisingachinji. Scheme yakaita se "Rack4-PatchPanel12-Port6" inobvumira kuzivikanwa nyore kweimwe fiber link. Mazita anofanirwa kuenderana nezvinyorwa. 
• Kuyera kurasikirwa uye kuyedza ese akaiswa fiber neOTDR. Ita shuwa kuti kurasikirwa kuri pa kana pazasi zvakatemwa zvemugadziri usati waenda live. Tsvaga anomalies anoratidza kukuvadzwa, mitsetse isina kunaka kana zvikochekera zvisina kufanira zvinoda kugadziriswa. 
• Dzidzisa matekiniki mune yakakodzera fusion splicing tekinoroji. Fusion splicing inofanirwa kunyatso enderana nefiber cores uye kuve neyakanaka cleave geometry pane splice point yekurasika chaiko. Unyanzvi husina kunaka hunoguma nekurasikirwa kwepamusoro uye kuderedzwa kwekuita kwetiweki. 
• Tonga slack fiber zvine hungwaru uchishandisa fiber kugovera zvikamu uye slack spools. Yakawandisa slack faibha yakajairirwa mukati mezvivharo madhiraini ekubatanidza / maadapter uye inonetsa kuwana kana kutsvaga gare gare mafambiro / anowedzera / shanduko. 
• Nyora zvese zvakaiswa fiber zvinosanganisira bvunzo mhinduro, nzvimbo dzakadzikama, ekubatanidza mhando/makirasi, uye polarity. Zvinyorwa zvinobvumira kugadzirisa zviri nyore, kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza kukwidziridzwa / kugadziridzwa kune network. Kushaikwa kwezvinyorwa zvinowanzoreva kutanga kubva pakatanga. 
• Ronga yekuwedzera uye yakakwirira bandwidth mune ramangwana. Kuisa tambo dzefiber dzakawanda kupfuura dziri kudiwa pari zvino uye kushandisa conduit ine tambo dzekudhonza / dhairekitori waya inobvumira mutengo unoshanda kusimudzira kune network kumhanya / kugona pasi pemugwagwa.

MPO/MTP Fiber Optic Cabling

MPO/MTP zvibatanidza uye maassembly anoshandiswa mu-high-fiber count network apo munhu mumwe nomumwe fiber / connectors zvakaoma kutarisira, zvakadai se100G + Ethernet uye FTTA links. Zvikamu zvakakosha zveMPO zvinosanganisira:

1. Tambo dzehunde

Iine 12 kusvika ku72 fibers yakagumiswa pane imwe MPO/MTP yekubatanidza pamagumo ega ega. Inoshandiswa kubatanidza pakati pemidziyo munzvimbo dze data, FTTA inomhanyisa shongwe, uye inotakura co-nzvimbo zvivakwa. Bvumira yakakwira-fiber density mune imwechete pluggable unit. 

2. Sungai tambo

Iva neMPO imwe chete / MTP yekubatanidza kune imwe mugumo uye akawanda simplex / duplex zvibatanidza (LC/SC) kune imwe. Ipa shanduko kubva kune yakawanda-fiber kuenda kune yega fiber yekubatanidza. Yakaiswa pakati pe trunk-based system uye zvishandiso zvine discrete port connectors.

3. Matepi

Yakatakurwa neadapter modules inogamuchira MPO/MTP uye/kana simplex/duplex connectors kuti ipe modular cross-connect. Makaseti anokwira mune fiber kugovera zvikamu, mafuremu, uye zvigamba mapaneru. Inoshandiswa kune ese ari maviri ekubatanidza uye muchinjika-kubatanidza network. Yakanyanya kukwirira density kupfuura echinyakare adapter mapaneru.

4. Hunde kupatsanura

Iva neMPO yekubatanidza pamagumo ekupinza ine maviri MPO anobuda kuti ugovane imwechete yakakwirira-fiber count trunk kuita maviri ezasi faibha kuverenga hunde. Semuenzaniso, kuiswa kwemafiber makumi maviri nemana akakamurwa kuita maviri akabuda e24 fibers imwe neimwe. Bvumira MPO trunking network kuti igadziriswe zvakare zvakanaka. 

5. MEPPI adapter modules

Svetera mumakaseti uye mapaneru akaremerwa. Ine MPO maadapter kumashure kuti agamuchire imwe kana anopfuura MPO ekubatanidza uye akawanda LC/SC adapta kumberi ayo anotsemura faibha yega yega muMPO link. Ipa chinongedzo pakati peMPO trunking uye LC/SC yekubatanidza pamidziyo. 

6. Polarity kufunga

MPO/MTP cabling inoda kuchengetedza kwakaringana faibha chinzvimbo uye polarity mhiri kwechiteshi chekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo kubatana panzira dzakakodzera dzemaziso. Mhando nhatu dze polarity dziripo dzeMPO: Type A - Kiyi kumusoro kukiyi kumusoro, Type B - Kiyi pasi kukiyi pasi, uye Type C - Center mutsara fibers, isiri-pakati mutsara fibers transposed. Yakafanira polarity kuburikidza necabling zvivakwa kwakakosha kana zvikasadaro masaini haazopfuuri nemazvo pakati pemidziyo yakabatana.

7. Zvinyorwa uye kunyora

Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira fiber kuverenga uye kuomarara, kuisirwa kweMPO kune njodzi yakakura yekumisikidzwa kwakashata kunotungamira kumatambudziko ekugadzirisa. Manyoro akangwarira enzira dzetrunk, maharness termination points, cassette slot assignments, trunk splitter orientation uye polarity mhando dzinofanirwa kurekodhwa sezvakavakwa kuti zvizoshandiswa gare gare. Kunyora kwakazara kwakakosha zvakare. 

Fiber Optic Cable Testing

Kuve nechokwadi chekuti tambo dzefiber optic dzakaiswa uye kushanda nemazvo, bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzinofanirwa kuitwa kusanganisira kuenderera mberi kuyedza, kupera-kutariswa kwechiso, uye yekuona kurasikirwa kuyedzwa. Maedzo aya anoonesa kuti mafiibha haana kukuvadzwa, majoini emhando yepamusoro, uye kurasikirwa kwechiedza kuri mukati memazinga anogamuchirwa ekufambisa kwemasaini.

 

• Kuenderera mberi kuyedza -Inoshandisa inooneka kukanganisa locator (VFL) kutumira inooneka tsvuku laser mwenje kuburikidza nefiber kutarisa mabhureki, bend, kana zvimwe zvinhu. Iko kupenya kutsvuku kumucheto kunoratidza iyo yakasimba, inoenderera fiber. 
• Kupera-chiso chekuongorora - Inoshandisa fiber microscope probe kuongorora magumo-ezviso zvefiber uye zvinongedzo zvekukwenya, makomba, kana zvinosvibisa. Kupera-kumeso kunaka kwakakosha kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwekuisa uye kudzoreredza. Fiber yekupedzisira-zviso zvinofanirwa kukwenenzverwa, kucheneswa, uye kusakanganiswa.
• Optical kurasikirwa kuedza - Inoyera kurasikirwa kwechiedza mu decibels (dB) pakati pefiber uye zvikamu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti iri pazasi pemvumo yakanyanya. An optical loss test set (OLTS) ine light source nemamita emagetsi kuyera kurasikirwa. Kurasikirwa mazinga anotsanangurwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita semhando yetambo, wavelength, chinhambwe, uye network standard. Kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kunoderedza simba rechiratidzo uye bandwidth.

 

Fiber optic tambo yekuyedza inoda akati wandei maturusi anosanganisira:

 

• Visual fault locator (VFL) - Inoburitsa inooneka tsvuku laser mwenje kuti utarise faibha kuenderera uye kuteedzera fiber nzira.
• Fiber microscope probe - Inokudza uye inovhenekera faibha yekupedzisira-zviso pa200X kusvika 400X kuti iongororwe.
• Optical kurasikirwa bvunzo seti (OLTS) -Inosanganisira yakagadzika mwenje sosi uye simba mita kuyera kurasikirwa mudB pakati pemafiber, majoini uye splices. 
• Fiber yekuchenesa zvinhu -Machira akapfava, machira ekuchenesa, zvinonyungudutsa uye swabs kuti uchenese mafibhi uye zviso zvekupedzisira usati waedza kana kubatana. Kusvibisa ndiwo manyuko makuru ekurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa. 
• Reference test cables - Mapfupi chigamba tambo dzekubatanidza bvunzo michina kune iyo cabling iri pasi pekuyedzwa. Mareferensi tambo anofanirwa kunge ari emhando yepamusoro kudzivirira kuvhiringwa nezviyero.
• Zvishandiso zvekuongorora zvekuona - Tochi, borescope, girazi rekutarisa rinoshandiswa kutarisa fiber cabling zvikamu uye kuisirwa chero kukuvara kana nyaya. 

 

Kuyedzwa kwakasimba kwefiber optic links uye network inodiwa kuchengetedza kuita kwakaringana uye kutevedzera indasitiri zviyero. Kuedza, kuongorora uye kucheneswa kunofanirwa kuitwa panguva yekutanga kuisirwa, kana shanduko dzaitwa, kana kurasikirwa kana bandwidth nyaya dzamuka. Fiber inopfuura yese kuyedzwa ichapa makore mazhinji ekukurumidza, akavimbika sevhisi.

Kuverengera Link Kurasikirwa Budget uye Cable Sarudzo

Paunenge uchigadzira fiber optic network, zvakakosha kuverenga iyo yakazara link kurasikirwa kuti uone kuti pane simba rakakwana kuti chiedza chionekwe pamagumo ekugamuchira. Iyo yekubatanidza kurasikirwa bhajeti inoverengera kune ese attenuation mune chinongedzo, kusanganisira fiber tambo kurasikirwa, chinongedzo kurasikirwa, splice kurasikirwa, uye chero chimwe chikamu kurasikirwa. Kurasikirwa kwese kwese kunofanirwa kunge kuri kushoma pane kurasikirwa kunogona kuregererwa uchiri kuchengetedza yakakwana yechiratidzo simba, inozivikanwa se "simba bhajeti".

 

Kurasikirwa kwekubatanidza kunoyerwa mumadecibel pakiromita (dB/km) kune chaiyo faibha uye mwenje sosi wavelength inoshandiswa. Yakajairika kurasikirwa kukosha kune yakajairika fiber uye wavelength marudzi ndeaya: 

 

• Single-mode (SM) faibha @ 1310 nm - 0.32-0.4 dB/km      
• Single-mode (SM) faibha @ 1550 nm - 0.25 dB/km 
• Multi-mode (MM) faibha @ 850 nm - 2.5-3.5 dB/km 

 

Connector uye splice kurasikirwa kukosha kwakatarwa kune ese malink, akatenderedza -0.5 dB per mated connector pair kana splice joint. Huwandu hwezvikonikoni zvinoenderana nehurefu hwezvekubatanidza sezvo malink akareba angangoda kuti zvikamu zvakawanda zvefiber zvibatanidzwe.  

 

Iyo yekubatanidza magetsi bhajeti inofanirwa kuverengera kune transmitter uye inogamuchira simba renji, simba rekuchengetedza muganho, uye chero imwezve kurasikirwa kubva kune chigamba tambo, fiber attenuators, kana inoshanda zvinhu. Panofanira kuve neakakwana ekufambisa simba uye inogamuchira senitivity kuti chinongedzo chishande nemazvo neimwe nzira yekuchengetedza, kazhinji yakatenderedza gumi muzana yebhajeti rese.

 

Kubva pane yekubatanidza kurasikirwa bhajeti uye simba rinodiwa, iyo yakakodzera fiber mhando uye transmitter / inogamuchira inofanirwa kusarudzwa. Single-mode fiber inofanira kushandiswa kune marefu marefu kana yakakwirira bandwidths nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwayo kwakaderera, nepo-multi-mode inogona kushanda kune mapfupi links apo mutengo wakaderera uri wekutanga. Mwenje masosi uye vanogamuchira vanozotsanangura inoenderana fiber core saizi uye wavelength. 

 

Makombora ekunze anewo akanyanya kurasikirwa maratidziro, saka mari yekubatanidza kurasikirwa inofanirwa kugadziridzwa kuti idzorere kana uchishandisa ekunze tambo zvikamu. Sarudza zvekunze zvakayerwa zvinoshanda zvinoshanda uye zvinongedzo kudzivirira hunyoro uye kukuvara kwemamiriro ekunze mune izvi zvinongedzo. 

 

Fiber optic links inogona kungotsigira huwandu hushoma hwekurasikirwa uchiri kupa simba rakakwana rekufambisa chiratidzo chinoverengwa kune anogamuchira. Nekuverenga iyo yakazara link kurasikirwa kubva kune ese attenuation zvinhu uye kusarudza zvikamu zvine zvinoenderana nekurasikirwa kukosha, inoshanda uye yakavimbika fiber optic network inogona kugadzirwa nekuiswa. Kurasikirwa kunopfuura bhajeti remagetsi kunozokonzera kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo, zvikanganiso zvishoma kana kutadza kwekubatanidza zvachose. 

Fiber Optic Industry Standards 

Zviyero zvefiber optic tekinoroji inogadzirwa uye inochengetwa nemasangano akati wandei, kusanganisira:

1. Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Inogadzira zviyero zvezvigadzirwa zvekubatanidza senge fiber optic tambo, zvinobatanidza, splices, uye bvunzo michina. TIA zviyero zvinotsanangura kuita, kuvimbika uye kuchengetedza zvinodiwa. Makiyi fiber zviyero anosanganisira TIA-492, TIA-568, TIA-606 uye TIA-942.

 

• TIA-568 -Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard kubva kuTIA inovhara kuyedzwa uye kuisirwa zvinodiwa zvemhangura uye fiber cabling munzvimbo dzebhizinesi. TIA-568 inotsanangudza mhando dzemacabling, kureba, kuita uye polarity kune fiber link. References ISO/IEC 11801 yakajairika.
• TIA-604-5-D - Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standard (FOCIS) inotsanangura MPO yekubatanidza geometry, zviyero zvemuviri, maitiro ekuita kuti uwane kudyidzana pakati pezvinyorwa uye cabling. FOCIS-10 mareferensi 12-fiber MPO uye FOCIS-5 mareferensi 24-fiber MPO zvibatanidza zvinoshandiswa mu40/100G parallel optics uye MPO system cabling.

2. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Inogadzira pasi rose fiber optic zviyero zvinotarisana nekuita, kuvimbika, kuchengetedza, uye kuyedzwa. IEC 60794 uye IEC 61280 inovhara fiber optic tambo uye chinongedzo chekubatanidza.

 

• ISO / IEC 11801 - International generic cabling yevatengi nzvimbo chiyero. Inotsanangura maitiro ekuita kwemagiredhi akasiyana efiber (OM1 kusvika OM5 multimode, OS1 kusvika OS2 single-mode). zvirevo mu11801 zvinogamuchirwa pasi rose uye zvinonongedzwa neTIA-568.
• IEC 61753-1 - Fiber optic inobatanidza zvishandiso uye passive zvikamu kuita mwero. Inotsanangura bvunzo uye bvunzo maitiro ekuongorora optical mashandiro efiber connectors, adapters, splice dziviriro uye kumwe passive yekubatanidza inoshandiswa mufiber links. Inotaridzwa neTelcordia GR-20-CORE uye macabling zviyero.

3. International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Sangano reUnited Nations rinogadza zviyero zvetekinoroji yekufonera, kusanganisira fiber optics. ITU-T G.651-G.657 inopa tsanangudzo yemhando ye-single-mode fiber uye maitiro.

  

4. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Nyaya dzezviyero zvefiber optic tekinoroji zvine hukama nenzvimbo dzedhata, networking zvishandiso, uye masisitimu ekufambisa. IEEE 802.3 inotsanangura zviyero zvefiber optic ethernet network.

 

• IEEE802.3 - Ethernet chiyero kubva kuIEEE iyo inoshandisa fiber optic cabling uye inopindirana. Fiber midhiya mataurirwo e10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LRM, 10GBASE-LR, 40GBASE-SR4, 100GBASE-SR10 uye 100GBASE-LR4 anotsanangurwa zvichienderana neOM3, OM4 uye OS2 fiber mhando. MPO/MTP yekubatanidza yakatsanangurwa kune imwe fiber media. 

5. Electronics Industry Association (EIA)

Inoshanda neTIA kukudziridza zviyero zvekubatanidza zvigadzirwa, neEIA-455 uye EIA/TIA-598 inotarisa pane fiber optic yekubatanidza uye pasi. 

6. Telcordia / Bellcore

Inogadzira zviyero zvemidziyo yetiweki, kunze kwechirimwa cabling uye yepakati hofisi fiber optics muUnited States. GR-20 inopa kuvimbika zviyero zvefiber optic cabling. 

 

• Telcordia GR-20-CORE -Telcordia (yaimbova Bellcore) chiyero chinotsanangura zvinodiwa zvefiber optic cabling inoshandiswa mukutakura network, mahofisi epakati uye kunze chirimwa. Mareferensi TIA uye ISO/IEC zviyero asi zvinosanganisira mamwe madhigirii emhando yetembiricha, hupenyu hurefu, kudonhedza tambo kuvaka uye kuyedzwa kwekuita. Inopa vagadziri vemidziyo yetiweki uye vatakuri vane nhungamiro yakajairwa kune yakavimbika kwazvo fiber zvivakwa.

7. RUS Bulletin

• RUS Bulletin 1715E-810 - Fiber optic yakatarwa kubva kuRural Utilities Service (RUS) inopa nhungamiro yekugadzira, kuisirwa uye kuyedzwa kwefiber optic masisitimu ezvishandiso. Zvichienderana nezviyero zveindasitiri asi zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvinodiwa zvakatenderedza splicing enclosures dzimba, inokwirisa Hardware, kunyora, bonding / grounding kune utility network nharaunda.

 

Miyero yakakosha kune fiber optic network nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati: 

 

• Kubatanidza - Zvikamu zvinosangana nemayero akafanana zvinogona kushanda pamwechete zvinoenderana, zvisinei nemugadziri. Mayero anovimbisa kuti vanotumira, tambo, uye vanogamuchira vanozoshanda seyakabatanidzwa sisitimu.
• kuvimbika -Mayero anotsanangura maitiro ekuita, nzira dzekuyedza uye kuchengetedza zvinhu kuti zvipe nhanho yekuvimbika kune fiber network uye zvikamu. Zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kusangana nediki bend radius, kudhonza tension, tembiricha yemhando uye zvimwe zvinongedzo kuti zvienderane. 
• Quality - Vagadziri vanofanirwa kutevedzera dhizaini, zvigadzirwa, uye zviyero zvekugadzira kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana. Izvi zvinoguma nepamusoro, inowirirana mhando yezvigadzirwa zvefiber optic. 
• tsigira - Zvishandiso uye network yakavakirwa pamazinga akagamuchirwa zvakanyanya achave nerutsigiro rwenguva refu uye kuwanikwa kwezvikamu zvinopindirana. Proprietary kana isiri-standard tekinoroji inogona kusashanda.

 

Sezvo fiber optic network uye tekinoroji ichiramba ichikura pasi rose, zviyero zvinovavarira kukurumidza kukura kuburikidza nekudyidzana, kuwedzera mhando, kuvimbika uye kutsigirwa kwehupenyu. Kune yakakwirira-inoshanda mishoni yakakosha network, zviyero-based fiber optic zvikamu zvakakosha. 

Redundancy Sarudzo dzeFiber Optic Networks 

Kune akakosha network anoda yakanyanya uptime, redundancy yakakosha. Dzakati wandei sarudzo dzekubatanidza redundancy mufiber optic network dzinosanganisira:

 

1. Kuzvirapa network zvindori -Kubatanidza network node mumhete topology ine mbiri yakazvimirira fiber nzira pakati peimwe node. Kana imwe faibha nzira ikachekwa kana kukuvadzwa, traffic otomatiki inodzokera kune yakatarisana yakatenderedza ring. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa mumametro network uye data centers. 
2. Mesh topology - Imwe neimwe network node yakabatana kune akawanda akatenderedza node, ichigadzira yakawandisa nzira dzekubatanidza. Kana chero nzira ikatadza, traffic inogona kudzoreredza nzira kuburikidza nedzimwe node. Yakanakisa kunetiweki yekambasi uko kunodiwa nguva yekuzorora kwakakwira. 
3. Yakasiyana-siyana nzira - Yekutanga uye yekumashure-yepamusoro data traffic inopfuura nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzemuviri kubva kunobva kune kwainoenda. Kana iyo yekutanga nzira ikatadza, traffic inokurumidza chinja kune iyo backup nzira. Zvishandiso zvakasiyana, nzira dzemacabling uye nyangwe nzira dzenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kune yakanyanya redundancy. 
4. Equipment duplication -Yakakosha network zvishandiso senge switch uye ma router anoiswa muma parallel seti ane magirazi masisitimu. Kana imwe mudziyo ikatadza kana kuda kugadziriswa, iyo duplicate unit inotora pamusoro nekukasira kuchengetedza network kushanda. Inoda magetsi maviri uye nekungwarira kugadzirisa manejimendi. 
5. Fiber nzira dzakasiyana -Pazvinogoneka, fiber optic cabling yenzira dzepuraimari nedzokumashure dzinotevera nzira dzakapatsanurwa dzetambo pakati penzvimbo. Izvi zvinodzivirira kubva pane imwe pfungwa yekutadza mune chero nzira imwe nekuda kwekukuvara kana nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza. Akapatsanura nzvimbo dzekupinda muzvivakwa uye tambo nzira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekambasi dzinoshandiswa. 
6. Transponder kudzokorora -Kune fiber network inovhara marefu marefu, akakwidziridzwa transponder kana regenerator anoiswa anenge ega ega 50-100 km kuchengetedza simba rechiratidzo. Redundant transponders (1+ 1 dziviriro) kana nzira dzakafanana dzine ma transponder akaparadzana munzira yega yega inochengetedza chinongedzo kurwisa kutadza kweamplifier kwaizodzima traffic. 

 

Iine chero redundancy dhizaini, otomatiki failover kune backup zvikamu zvinodikanwa kudzoreredza sevhisi nekukurumidza mune yekukanganisa mamiriro. Network manejimendi software inotarisisa nzira dzekutanga nemidziyo, nekukasira kukonzeresa zviwanikwa zvekuchengetedza kana kutadza kukaonekwa. Redundancy inoda kuwedzera mari asi inopa yakanyanya nguva uye kusimba kune mishoni-yakakosha fiber optic network inotakura izwi, data, uye vhidhiyo. 

 

Kune mazhinji network, musanganiswa wemazano asina basa anoshanda nemazvo. Mhete yefiber inogona kunge iine mesh yekubatanidza kubva pairi, ine duplicate routers uye switch pane akasiyana magetsi masosi. Transponders inogona kupa redundancy yehurefu hwekubatanidza pakati pemaguta. Iine yakazara redundancy panzvimbo dzakarongwa munetiweki, kuvimbika kwese uye uptime inogadziridzwa kuti isangane nezvinoda zvinodiwa. 

Mari inofungidzira yeFiber Optic Networks 

Nepo fiber optic network ichida kukwirisa kumberi kwekudyara kupfuura copper cabling, faibha inopa yakakosha kwenguva yakareba kukosha kuburikidza nekuita kwepamusoro, kuvimbika uye hupenyu. Mari ye fiber optic network inosanganisira:

 

• Mari yezvinhu - Iwo tambo, zvibatanidza, splice enclosures, network zvishandiso uye zvinhu zvinodiwa kune fiber optic network. Fiber optic cable inodhura netsoka pane mhangura, kubva pa$0.15 kusvika pamadhora mashanu parutsoka zvichienderana nerudzi. Patch mapaneru, ma switch, uye ma routers akagadzirirwa faibha zvakare anowanzo 5-2 yakapetwa mutengo wemayuniti emhangura akaenzana. 
• Kuisa mari -Basa uye masevhisi ekuisa iyo fiber optic cabling zvivakwa zvinosanganisira kudhonza tambo, kupatsanura, kumisa, kuyedza uye kugadzirisa matambudziko. Mari yekuisa inotangira pamadhora zana nemakumi mashanu-150 pakupera kwefayibha, $500- $750 patambo splice, uye $2000 pamaira yekuisa tambo yekunze. Manetiweki akaomarara munzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana kana kuiswa kwemuchadenga kunowedzera mitengo. 
• Kuenderera mberi mari - Mari dzekushandisa, kubata uye kuchengetedza iyo fiber optic network inosanganisira simba rekushandisa, kutonhora zvinodiwa zvezvishandiso zvinoshanda, rendi yekodzero-ye-nzira yekuwana, uye mutengo wetiweki yekutarisa / manejimendi masisitimu. Gore negore zvibvumirano zvekugadzirisa kutsigira zvakakosha zvivakwa zvinotangira kubva ku10-15% yemitengo yekutanga yemidziyo. 

 

Nepo mari yekuisa uye yekuisa ye fiber yakakwira, hupenyu hwefiber optic masisitimu hwakareba zvakanyanya. Fiber optic tambo inogona kushanda kwemakore 25-40 pasina kutsiva maringe ne10-15 makore chete yemhangura, uye inoda kushomeka kwese kugadziridzwa. Bandwidth inoda zvakare kaviri makore ese maviri-2, zvichireva kuti chero copper-based network yaizoda kutsiva yakazara kusimudzira huwandu mukati mehupenyu hwayo hunogona kushandiswa. 

 

Tafura iri pazasi inopa kuenzanisa kwemitengo yemhando dzakasiyana dzebhizinesi fiber optic network:

 

Rudzi rweNetwork	Material Cost/Ft	Mutengo Wekuisa/Ft	Zvinotarisirwa Hupenyu hwose
Imwe-modhi OS2	$ 0.50- $ 2	$5	25-40 makore
OM3 Multi-modhi	$ 0.15- $ 0.75	$ 1- $ 3	10-15 makore
OS2 w/ 12-strand fibers	$ 1.50- $ 5	$ 10- $ 20	25-40 makore
Redundant network	2-3x chiyero	2-3x chiyero	25-40 makore

 

Nepo fiber optic masisitimu ichida hombe yekutanga mari, mabhenefiti enguva refu mukuita, kugadzikana uye kudhura-zvinoita kuti faibha ive sarudzo yepamusoro kumasangano anotarisira makore gumi-10 mberi. Nezve remangwana-humbowo hwekubatanidza, yakanyanya uptime, uye kudzivirira kwekutanga kusashanda, fiber optics inoratidza yakaderera mutengo wevaridzi uye kudzoka kwakanyanya pakudyara sezvo network inokwira mukumhanya uye kugona nekufamba kwenguva.

Ramangwana reFiber Optic Cables 

Fiber optic tekinoroji inoenderera mberi nekukurumidza, ichigonesa zvinhu zvitsva uye maapplication. Mafambiro azvino anosanganisira kuwedzera kwe5G wireless network, kushandiswa kwakakura kwefiber kusvika kumba (FTTH) yekubatanidza, uye kukura kwe data center infrastructure. Aya maitiro anovimba nepamusoro-kumhanya, yakakwirira-inogoneka fiber optic network uye inofambisa humwe hunyanzvi mufiber optic zvikamu uye mamodule kuti asangane nekuwedzera bandwidth zvinodiwa.

 

Nyowani fiber optic yekubatanidza, switch, transmitters, uye vanogamuchira vari kuvandudzwa kuti vabate yakakwirira data mareti uye yakakura yekubatanidza densities. Optical amplifiers uye mamwe laser masosi ari kuvandudzwa kuti awedzere masaini pamusoro pemadaro marefu pasina anodzokorora. Narrower fibers uye multi-core fibers mukati metambo imwe chete ichawedzera bandwidth uye data data. Kufambira mberi mune fiber optic splicing, kuyedza, uye nzira dzekuchenesa dzinovavarira kuwedzera kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo kwekuita kwakavimbika.  

 

Izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mune ramangwana refiber optic tekinoroji zvinonakidza uye zvakasiyana. Yakabatanidzwa fiber optic sensors inogona kubvumira kuenderera kwehutano kutarisa, kunyatso fambisa, uye smart imba otomatiki. Tekinoroji yeLi-Fi inoshandisa mwenje kubva kune fiber optics uye maLED kufambisa data pasina waya nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Zvishandiso zvitsva zvebiomedical zvinogona kushandisa fiber optics kuwana nzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika-mumuviri kana kukurudzira tsinga nematishu. Quantum komputa inogona zvakare kukwirisa fiber optic links pakati pemanodhi.

 

Mota dzinozvityaira dzinogona kushandisa fiber optic gyroscopes nemasensor kufamba munzira. Kufambira mberi kwefiber laser tekinoroji kunogona kuvandudza nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira sekucheka, welding, kumaka pamwe ne laser zvombo. Tekinoroji inopfekeka uye madhiri / augmented echokwadi masisitimu anogona kubatanidza fiber optic zviratidziro nemidziyo yekupinza yechiitiko chakazara chekunyudza. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hunyanzvi hwefiber optic huri kubatsira kusimbisa hunyanzvi munharaunda yese yetekinoroji.

 

Sezvo fiber optic network ichiwedzera kubatana uye kubatanidzwa muzvivakwa zvepasirese, mikana yeramangwana inosandura uye isingaite. Kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza mumutengo, kugona, uye kugona kuchagonesa tekinoroji yefiber optic kuti ienderere mberi nekugadzirisa shanduko nekusimudzira hupenyu mumatunhu akasimukira uye ari kusimukira pasirese. Iyo yakazara kugona kwefiber optics haisati yazadzikiswa.

Insights kubva kune Nyanzvi

Hurukuro nefiber optic nyanzvi dzinopa hupfumi hweruzivo rwakatenderedza tekinoroji maitiro, zvakajairika maitiro uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva kumakore echiitiko. Hurukuro dzinotevera dzinosimbisa zano kune avo vatsva kuindasitiri pamwe nemaneja tekinoroji kugadzira data yekubatanidza masisitimu. 

 

Hurukuro naJohn Smith, RCDD, Senior Consultant, Corning

 

Mubvunzo: Ndeapi tekinoroji maitiro ari kukanganisa fiber network?

A: Tinoona kuwedzera kudiwa kwefiber mu data centers, wireless infrastructure uye maguta akachenjera. Bandwidth kukura ne5G, IoT uye 4K/8K vhidhiyo iri kupaza yakakura fibre deployment... 

 

Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvikanganiso zvaunowanzoona?

A: Kusaonekwa zvakanaka munetiweki zvinyorwa inyaya yakajairika. Kutadza kunyora nemazvo uye kuteedzera faibha chigamba mapaneru, anobatana uye magumo anoita mafambiro / anowedzera / anoshandura nguva-inopedza uye riskier ...  

 

Mubvunzo: Ndeapi matipi aungapa vatsva kuindasitiri?

A: Tarisa pakudzidza kunoenderera mberi. Tora zvitupa kupfuura yekupinda-chikamu kuti ukwidziridze hunyanzvi hwako. Edza kuwana ruzivo mune zvese mukati mechirimwa uye kunze chirimwa faibha deployment ... Kukurukurirana kwakasimba uye hunyanzvi hwekunyora hwakakosha zvakaenzana kune basa rehunyanzvi. Funga nezvese data center uye telco/service provider specializations kuti ipe mimwe mikana yebasa...

 

Mubvunzo: Ndeapi maitiro akanakisa anofanirwa kutevedzera vese matekiniki?

A: Tevedzera zviyero zveindasitiri kune ese ekuisa uye maitiro ekuyedza. Chengetedza maitiro ekuchengetedza akakodzera. Nyatsonyora uye nyora basa rako padanho rega rega. Shandisa maturusi emhando yepamusoro uye midziyo yekuyedza yakakodzera basa racho. Chengetedza tambo dzefiber uye zvinobatanidza zvakachena-kunyangwe zvidiki zvinosvibisa zvinokonzeresa matambudziko makuru. Funga zvese zvazvino zvinodiwa pamwe neremangwana scalability paunenge uchigadzira masisitimu ...

mhedziso

Fiber optic cabling inopa hwaro hwemuviri hwepamusoro-kumhanya kufambisa data inogonesa nyika yedu iri kuramba yakabatana. Kufambira mberi mune optical fiber uye component tekinoroji kwakawedzera bandwidth uye scalability uku uchityaira pasi mutengo, zvichibvumira kuita kukuru kwekuita kurefu-haul telecom, data center uye smart city network.  

  

Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekudzidzisa vaverengi pane zvakakosha zvefiber optic yekubatanidza kubva kune yakakosha pfungwa kuenda kune yekuisa maitiro uye mafambiro emangwana. Nekutsanangura kuti optical fiber inoshanda sei, zviyero uye mhando dziripo, uye yakakurumbira tambo masisitimu, avo matsva kumunda vanogona kunzwisisa sarudzo dzezvido zvetiweki zvakasiyana. Hurukuro pamusoro pekugumisa, kupatsanura uye dhizaini yenzira inopa pfungwa dzinoshanda dzekuita uye manejimendi.  

 

Maonero eindasitiri anosimbisa mashandisirwo ari kuitika efiber ye5G isina waya, IoT uye vhidhiyo pamwe nehunyanzvi uye mazano ekufambisa basa rako. Nepo fiber optic network ichida yakakosha ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye nemazvo kugadzira nekuendesa, mibairo yekukurumidza kuwana data rakawanda pamusoro pemadaro marefu inovimbisa kuti fiber icharamba ichikura mukukosha.

 

Kuti uwane yakakwana fiber network kuita kunoda kusarudza zvikamu zvinoenderana nebandwidth yako uye chinhambwe chinodiwa, kuisa nehanya kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo kana kukuvadzwa, kunyora zvivakwa zvizere, uye kuronga kumberi kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu uye mitsva yekabhurari miitiro. Nekudaro, kune avo vane moyo murefu uye kugona kugona kugona kuomarara kwayo, basa rakatarisana nefiber optic yekubatanidza rinogona kutenderera netiweki mashandiro, dhizaini yechigadzirwa kana kudzidzisa tarenda nyowani mumaindasitiri ari kuwedzera. 

  

Muchidimbu, sarudza fiber optic cabling mhinduro inoenderana netiweki yako uye hunyanzvi zvinodiwa. Isa, maneja, uye kuyera yako fiber link nemazvo kuti uwane mabhenefiti akakosha nekukanganisa kushoma. Ramba uchidzidza nezve tekinoroji uye mashandisirwo matsva ekuvaka hunyanzvi kukosha. Fiber inosimbisa ramangwana redu, ichigonesa kuchinjanisa ruzivo nekukasira pakati pevanhu vazhinji, nzvimbo uye zvinhu kupfuura nakare kose. Nekumhanyisa-kumhanya kwedhata kufambiswa kwese kutaurirana kwepasirese, fiber inotonga zvakanyanya ikozvino uye kwemakumi emakore ari kuuya.